Titanium dioxide
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Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania /taɪˈteɪniə/, is the inorganic compound derived from titanium with the chemical formula TiO
2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891.[4] It is a white solid that is insoluble in water, although mineral forms can appear black. As a pigment, it has a wide range of applications, including paint, sunscreen, and food coloring. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E171. World production in 2014 exceeded 9 million tonnes.[5][6][7] It has been estimated that titanium dioxide is used in two-thirds of all pigments, and pigments based on the oxide have been valued at a price of $13.2 billion.[8]
Names | |
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IUPAC names
Titanium dioxide Titanium(IV) oxide | |
Other names | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.033.327 |
E number | E171 (colours) |
KEGG |
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PubChem CID |
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |
TiO 2 | |
Molar mass | 79.866 g/mol |
Appearance | White solid |
Odor | Odorless |
Density |
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Melting point | 1,843 °C (3,349 °F; 2,116 K) |
Boiling point | 2,972 °C (5,382 °F; 3,245 K) |
Insoluble | |
Band gap | 3.21 eV (anatase)[1]
3.15 eV (rutile)[1] |
+5.9·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD) |
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Thermochemistry | |
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
50 J·mol−1·K−1[2] |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−945 kJ·mol−1[2] |
Hazards | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | not flammable |
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 15 mg/m3[3] |
REL (Recommended) |
Ca[3] |
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
Ca [5000 mg/m3][3] |
Safety data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 0338 |
Related compounds | |
Other cations |
Zirconium dioxide Hafnium dioxide |
Titanium(II) oxide Titanium(III) oxide Titanium(III,IV) oxide | |
Related compounds |
Titanic acid |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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