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Chemical compound From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tin(IV) sulfide is a compound with the formula Sn S
2. The compound crystallizes in the cadmium iodide motif, with the Sn(IV) situated in "octahedral holes' defined by six sulfide centers.[5] It occurs naturally as the rare mineral berndtite.[6] It is useful as semiconductor material with band gap 2.2 eV.[7]
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Names | |
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IUPAC name
Tin(IV) sulfide | |
Other names
Tin disulfide, Stannic sulfide, Mosaic gold | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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ChEBI | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.013.867 |
EC Number |
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PubChem CID |
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |
S2Sn | |
Molar mass | 182.83 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Gold-yellow powder |
Odor | Odorless |
Density | 4.5 g/cm3[1] |
Melting point | 600 °C (1,112 °F; 873 K) decomposes[1] |
Insoluble | |
Solubility | Soluble in aq. alkalis, decompose in aqua regia[1] Insoluble in alkyl acetates, acetone[2] |
Structure | |
Rhombohedral, hP3[3] | |
P3m1, No. 164[3] | |
3 2/m[3] | |
α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120° | |
Octahedral (Sn4+)[3] | |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
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Warning | |
H302, H312, H315, H319, H332, H335[4] | |
P261, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P332+P313[4] | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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The compound precipitates as a brown solid upon the addition of H
2S to solutions of tin(IV) species. This reaction is reversed at low pH. Crystalline SnS
2 has a bronze color and is used in decorative coating[8] where it is known as mosaic gold.
The material also reacts with sulfide salts to give a series of thiostannates with the formula [SnS
2]
m[S]2n−
n. A simplified equation for this depolymerization reaction is
Tin (IV) sulfide has various uses in electrochemistry. It can be used in anodes of lithium-ion batteries, where an intercalation process occurs to form Li2S.[9] It can also be used in a similar way in electrodes of supercapacitors, which can be used as alternative source of energy storage.[10]
SnS2 has also been identified as a potential component of thermoelectric devices, which convert thermal energy to electrical energy. In one example, this property was made possible by forming a composite of SnS2 with multiwalled carbon nanotubes.[11]
SnS2 can also be used in wastewater treatment. Forming a membrane with SnS2 and carbon nanofibers can potentially allow for the reduction of certain impurities in water, an example of which is hexavalent chromium.[12]
In general, SnS2 is useful as a semiconductor and can be purchased in powder form for experimental purposes.[13]