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Legislative branch of the U.S. federal government from March 4, 1865 to March 4, 1867 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 39th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1865, to March 4, 1867, during Abraham Lincoln's final month as president, and the first two years of the administration of his successor, Andrew Johnson.
39th United States Congress | |
---|---|
38th ← → 40th | |
![]() United States Capitol (1877) | |
March 4, 1865 – March 4, 1867 | |
Members | 54 senators 193 representatives 9 non-voting delegates |
Senate majority | Republican |
Senate President | Andrew Johnson (D) (until April 15, 1865) Vacant (from April 15, 1865) |
House majority | Republican |
House Speaker | Schuyler Colfax (R) |
Sessions | |
Special: March 4, 1865 – March 11, 1865 1st: December 4, 1865 – July 28, 1866 2nd: December 3, 1866 – March 4, 1867 |
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1860 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
During this Congress, two seats were added for the new state of Nebraska.
Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic (D) |
Republican (R) | Unionist (U) | Unconditional Unionist (UU) | |||
End of previous congress | 10 | 33 | 3 | 4 | 50 | 22 |
Begin | 9 | 37 | 1 | 1 | 48 | 24 |
End | 8 | 41 | 3 | 2 | 54 | 20 |
Final voting share | 14.8% | 75.9% | 5.6% | 3.7% | ||
Beginning of next congress | 8 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 53 | 21 |
During this Congress, one seat was added for the new state of Nebraska.
Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic (D) |
Republican (R) | Independent Republican (IR) | Unionist (U) | Unconditional Unionist (UU) | Other | |||
End of previous congress | 72 | 84 | 2 | 9 | 16 | 0 | 183 | 56 |
Begin | 40 | 132 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 183 | 59 |
End | 39 | 135 | 4 | 13 | 192 | 51 | ||
Final voting share | 20.3% | 70.3% | 0.5% | 2.1% | 6.8% | 0.0% | ||
Beginning of next congress | 45 | 140 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2[lower-alpha 1] | 188 | 55 |
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1870; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1866.
Alabama
Arkansas
California
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
|
Missouri
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virginia
West Virginia
Wisconsin
|
![]() Lafayette S. Foster, until March 2, 1867 ![]() Benjamin Wade, from March 2, 1867
|
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
State (class) |
Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[lower-alpha 2] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maryland (3) | Vacant | Sen. Thomas Hicks had died during previous congress. Successor elected March 9, 1865. |
John Creswell (UU) | March 9, 1865 |
New Jersey (2) | Vacant | Although elected in time for this Congress, the Senator-elect was not seated until March 15, 1865. Senator was later removed in election dispute, see below. |
John P. Stockton (D) | March 15, 1865 |
Tennessee (2) | Vacant | Tennessee re-admitted to the Union. Senators were elected July 24, 1866. |
Joseph S. Fowler (U) | July 24, 1866 |
Tennessee (1) | David T. Patterson (U) | July 28, 1866 | ||
Iowa (3) | James Harlan (R) | Resigned May 15, 1865, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of the Interior. Successor elected January 13, 1866. |
Samuel J. Kirkwood (R) | January 13, 1866 |
Vermont (3) | Jacob Collamer (R) | Died November 9, 1865. Successor was appointed November 21, 1865, to continue the term. Appointee was elected October 24, 1866, to finish the term.[3] |
Luke P. Poland (R) | November 21, 1865 |
New Jersey (2) | John P. Stockton (D) | Disputed election led to Senate vacating the seat March 27, 1866. Successor elected September 19, 1866. |
Alexander G. Cattell (R) | September 19, 1866 |
Vermont (1) | Solomon Foot (R) | Died March 28, 1866. Successor was appointed April 3, 1866, to continue the term. Appointee was elected October 24, 1866, to finish the term.[3] |
George F. Edmunds (R) | April 3, 1866 |
Kansas (2) | Jim Lane (R) | Died July 11, 1866, after being mortally wounded from a self-inflicted gunshot 10 days earlier Successor was appointed July 19, 1866, to continue the term. Appointee was elected January 23, 1867, to finish the term.[4] |
Edmund G. Ross (R) | July 19, 1866 |
New Hampshire (3) | Daniel Clark (R) | Resigned July 27, 1866, after being appointed Judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire. Successor was appointed August 31, 1866. |
George G. Fogg (R) | August 31, 1866 |
New Jersey (1) | William Wright (D) | Died November 1, 1866. Successor was appointed November 12, 1866. Appointee was elected January 23, 1867, to finish the term.[5] |
Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R) | November 12, 1866 |
Nebraska (1) | New seat | Nebraska admitted to the Union March 1, 1867. | Thomas Tipton (R) | March 1, 1867 |
Nebraska (2) | John M. Thayer (R) |
District | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[lower-alpha 2] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tennessee 1st | Vacant | Tennessee re-admitted into the Union | Nathaniel G. Taylor (U) | July 24, 1866 |
Tennessee 2nd | Horace Maynard (UU) | |||
Tennessee 3rd | William B. Stokes (UU) | |||
Tennessee 4th | Edmund Cooper (U) | |||
Tennessee 5th | William B. Campbell (U) | |||
Tennessee 6th | Samuel M. Arnell (UU) | |||
Tennessee 7th | Isaac R. Hawkins (U) | |||
Tennessee 8th | John W. Leftwich (UU) | |||
Maryland 2nd | Edwin H. Webster (UU) | Resigned some time in July, 1865 after being appointed Collector of Customs for the port of Baltimore | John L. Thomas Jr. (UU) | December 4, 1865 |
New York 16th | Orlando Kellogg (R) | Died August 24, 1865 | Robert S. Hale (R) | December 3, 1865 |
Massachusetts 6th | Daniel W. Gooch (R) | Resigned September 1, 1865, after being appointed Navy Agent for the port of Boston | Nathaniel P. Banks (R) | December 4, 1865 |
Pennsylvania 16th | Vacant | incumbent Coffroth prevented from taking seat due to election contest | Alexander H. Coffroth (D) | February 19, 1866 |
Pennsylvania 16th | Alexander H. Coffroth (D) | Lost contested election July 18, 1866 | William H. Koontz (R) | July 18, 1866 |
Indiana 7th | Daniel W. Voorhees (D) | Lost contested election February 23, 1866 | Henry D. Washburn (R) | February 23, 1866 |
New York 8th | James Brooks (D) | Lost contested election April 7, 1866 | William E. Dodge (R) | April 7, 1866 |
New York 3rd | James Humphrey (R) | Died June 16, 1866 | John W. Hunter (D) | December 4, 1866 |
Kentucky 6th | Green C. Smith (UU) | Resigned some time in July, 1866 after being appointed Governor of the Montana Territory. | Andrew H. Ward (D) | December 3, 1866 |
Kentucky 5th | Lovell Rousseau (UU) | Resigned July 21, 1866, after being reprimanded for his assault of Iowa Rep. Josiah B. Grinnell. Was re-elected to fill his own seat. | Lovell Rousseau (UU) | December 3, 1866 |
Kentucky 3rd | Henry Grider (D) | Died September 7, 1866 | Elijah Hise (D) | December 3, 1866 |
Pennsylvania 11th | Philip Johnson (D) | Died January 29, 1867 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Nebraska Territory At-large | Phineas Hitchcock (R) | Nebraska achieved statehood March 1, 1867 | District eliminated | |
Nebraska At-large | New State | Nebraska admitted to the Union March 1, 1867. Seat remained vacant until March 2, 1867 | Turner M. Marquette (R) | March 2, 1867 |
Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
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