The Foundation of Perth 1829

The Foundation of Perth 1829 is a 1929 oil-on-canvas painting by George Pitt Morison. It depicts a reconstruction of the ceremony by which the town of Perth, Western Australia was founded on 12 August 1829. Morison painted the work as part of Western Australia's centenary celebrations, and presented it to the Art Gallery of Western Australia in February 1929.^[1]

The Foundation of Perth 1829
Artist	George Pitt Morison
Year	1929
Medium	Oil on canvas
Dimensions	96.5 cm × 137.8 cm (38 in × 54.3 in)
Location	Art Gallery of Western Australia, Perth

The painting took George Pitt Morison almost eighteen months to research and paint. He studied a number of contemporary accounts of the ceremony, and had access to photographs of the people present.

The official ceremony depicted in the image was held on a small hill overlooking the Swan River, in the immediate vicinity of the present Perth Town Hall.^[2] As no stones were readily available, it was decided to mark the occasion by felling a tree. The only woman to accompany the party so far up the river from Fremantle, Mrs Helena Dance, was invited to strike the first blow. The Foundation of Perth depicts Mrs Dance holding the axe and about to make the first cut. Immediately to the right of her in the painting is an axe-man, waiting to complete the task.

Other people depicted in the work include Lieutenant Governor James Stirling, Captain Charles Fremantle, Commander Mark John Currie, Major Frederick Irwin, Captain William Dance, the Colonial Secretary Peter Broun, Dr William Milligan and the Surveyor-General Lieutenant John Septimus Roe.^[1] Milligan, however, may not actually have been at the ceremony. While some records claim that Milligan arrived aboard HMS Sulphur on 8 June 1829,^[3] others claim that he emigrated to Western Australia with his wife, child and a nephew, arriving aboard Wanstead on 30 January 1830.^[4][5][6] If Milligan arrived on 30 January 1830, more than five months after the foundation ceremony, he cannot have been present.

The Foundation of Perth 1829 has become an "enduring and influential image" (Gooding 1989) in the history of Western Australia. It was used extensively in both the 1929 centenary celebrations, and the WAY 1979 sesquicentennial celebrations. Often the painting is not acknowledged as an historical reconstruction, and many people have incorrectly come to accept it as an authentic record of the ceremony.^[1]

References

1. Gooding, Janda (1989). Layman, Lenore; Stannage, Tom (eds.). "'The Foundation of Perth': George Pitt Morison's Persistent Image". Celebrations in Western Australian History (Studies in Western Australian History) (10). Nedlands, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press: 115–120. ISSN 0314-7525.
2. "The Jewel of the City". Heritage Perth. Archived from the original on 20 May 2010. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
3. "Perth Names". The West Australian. Vol. 54, no. 16, 298. Western Australia. 24 September 1938. p. 5. Archived from the original on 16 December 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
4. "William Lane Milligan". Australian Medical Pioneers Index. 29 May 2019. Archived from the original on 16 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
5. Pamela Statham (1979). Dictionary of Western Australians 1829–1914: Volume 1: Early Settlers 1829–1850. University of Western Australia Press. p. 232. ISBN 0-85564-159-2.
6. Erickson, Rica (1988). The Bicentennial Dictionary of Western Australians pre-1829 – 1888: Volume III K-Q. University of Western Australia Press. p. 2167. ISBN 0-85564-278-5. Archived from the original on 7 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.