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Pronunciation | (sə-MAIR-ee-əm) |
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Appearance | silvery white |
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Group | f-block groups (no number) |
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Period | period 6 |
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Block | f-block |
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Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f6 6s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 1345 K (1072 °C, 1962 °F) |
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Boiling point | 2173 K (1900 °C, 3452 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 7.52 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 7.16 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 8.62 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | 192 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 29.54 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
1001 |
1106 |
1240 |
(1421) |
(1675) |
(2061) |
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Oxidation states | 0,[3] +1,[4] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.17 |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 544.5 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1070 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2260 kJ/mol
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Atomic radius | empirical: 180 pm |
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Covalent radius | 198±8 pm |
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Spectral lines of samarium |
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Natural occurrence | primordial |
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Crystal structure | rhombohedral |
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Thermal expansion | (r.t.) (α, poly) 12.7 µm/(m⋅K) |
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Thermal conductivity | 13.3 W/(m⋅K) |
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Electrical resistivity | (r.t.) (α, poly) 0.940 µΩ⋅m |
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Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[5] |
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Young's modulus | α form: 49.7 GPa |
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Shear modulus | α form: 19.5 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | α form: 37.8 GPa |
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Speed of sound thin rod | 2130 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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Poisson ratio | α form: 0.274 |
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Vickers hardness | 412 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 441 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7440-19-9 |
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Discovery | 1879 |
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First isolation | Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1879) |
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Category: Samarium | references |