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Mustard gas
Compound used in chemical warfare / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Mustard gas or sulfur mustard are names commonly used for the organosulfur chemical compound bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, which has the chemical structure S(CH2CH2Cl)2, as well as other species. In the wider sense, compounds with the substituents −SCH2CH2X or −N(CH2CH2X)2 are known as sulfur mustards or nitrogen mustards, respectively, where X = Cl or Br. Such compounds are potent alkylating agents, which can interfere with several biological processes. Also known as mustard agents, this family of compounds comprises infamous cytotoxins and blister agents with a long history of use as chemical weapons. The name mustard gas is technically incorrect; the substances, when dispersed, are often not gases but a fine mist of liquid droplets.[4] Sulfur mustards are viscous liquids at room temperature and have an odor resembling mustard plants, garlic, or horseradish, hence the name.[4] When pure, they are colorless, but when used in impure forms, such as in warfare, they are usually yellow-brown. Mustard gases form blisters on exposed skin and in the lungs, often resulting in prolonged illness ending in death.
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Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name
1-Chloro-2-[(2-chloroethyl)sulfanyl]ethane | |
Other names
Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide HD Iprit Schwefel-LOST Lost Sulfur mustard Senfgas Yellow cross liquid Yperite Distilled mustard Mustard T- mixture 1,1'-thiobis[2-chloroethane] Dichlorodiethyl sulfide | |
Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol) |
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1733595 | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.209.973 ![]() |
EC Number |
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324535 | |
KEGG |
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PubChem CID |
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |
C4H8Cl2S | |
Molar mass | 159.07 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Colorless if pure. Normally ranges from pale yellow to dark brown. Slight garlic or horseradish type odor.[1] |
Density | 1.27 g/mL, liquid |
Melting point | 14.45 °C (58.01 °F; 287.60 K) |
Boiling point | 217 °C (423 °F; 490 K) begins to decompose at 217 °C (423 °F) and boils at 218 °C (424 °F) |
7.6 mg/L at 20°C[2] | |
Solubility | Alcohols, ethers, hydrocarbons, lipids, THF |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards |
Flammable, toxic, vesicant, carcinogenic, mutagenic |
GHS labelling:[3] | |
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Danger | |
H300, H310, H315, H319, H330, H335 | |
P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P320, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | 105 °C (221 °F; 378 K) |
Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS |
Related compounds | |
Related compounds |
Nitrogen mustard, Bis(chloroethyl) ether, Chloromethyl methyl sulfide |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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