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Snifting valve
Anti-vacuum valve in steam locomotives / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A snifting valve (sometimes snifter valve) is an automatic anti-vacuum valve used in a steam locomotive when coasting. The word Snift imitates the sound made by the valve.
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The snifting valve is the small mushroom directly behind the chimney.
The square cover beneath is another distinctive LNER feature, covering the end of the superheater header.