Melbourne–Voyager collision
1964 collision between two Royal Australian Navy warships in Jervis Bay, Australia / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dear Wikiwand AI, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions:
Can you list the top facts and stats about Royal Commission on loss of HMAS Voyager?
Summarize this article for a 10 year old
The Melbourne–Voyager collision, also known as the Melbourne–Voyager incident or simply the Voyager incident, was a collision between two warships of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN); the aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne and the destroyer HMAS Voyager.
This article's lead section may be too long. (February 2021) |
Melbourne–Voyager collision | |
---|---|
Date | 10 February 1964 |
Place | Jervis Bay, Australia |
Vessels involved | |
Cause | Navigational error resulting in collision |
Result |
|
On the evening of 10 February 1964, the two ships were performing manoeuvres off Jervis Bay. Melbourne's aircraft were performing flying exercises, and Voyager had been given the task of plane guard, and was positioned behind and to port (left) of the carrier in order to rescue the crew of any ditching or crashing aircraft. After a series of turns effected to reverse the courses of the two ships, Voyager ended up ahead and to starboard (right) of the carrier. The destroyer was ordered to resume plane guard position, which would involve turning to starboard, away from the carrier, then looping around behind. Instead, Voyager began a starboard turn, but then came around to port. The bridge crew on Melbourne correctly assumed that Voyager was zig-zagging to let the carrier overtake her, and would then assume her correct position behind "Melbourne." It has been written that Senior personnel on Voyager were not paying attention to the manoeuvre, however recent investigations have shown that an order to take up station had likely been given and that "Voyager's" officer of the watch was zig-zagging to get into station. "Voyager" remained parallel to "Melbourne" until about 1 minute before the collision after which she turned too early to port and collision stations. Her move to port was so sudden that "Melbourne" gave the alert at about 40 seconds, but by then a collision was inevitable. [1][2]
Melbourne struck Voyager at 20:56, with the carrier's bow striking just behind the bridge and cutting the destroyer in two. Of the 314 aboard Voyager, 82 were killed, most of whom died immediately or were trapped in the heavy bow section, which sank after 10 minutes. The rest of the ship sank after midnight. Melbourne, although damaged, suffered no fatalities, and was able to sail to Sydney the next morning with most of the Voyager survivors aboard – the rest had been taken to the naval base HMAS Creswell.
The RAN proposed a board of inquiry to investigate the collision, but a series of incidents during the 1950s and 1960s had led to a public mistrust of Navy-run investigations, and as proposals for an inquiry supervised by a federal judge were not acted upon, a full royal commission became the only avenue for an externally supervised inquiry. The four-month Royal Commission, headed by Sir John Spicer,[note 1] concluded that Voyager was primarily at fault for failing to maintain effective situational awareness, but also criticised Melbourne's captain, John Robertson, and his officers for not alerting the destroyer to the danger they were in. Despite extensive evidence to the contrary, both crews of "Melbourne" and "Voyager" were unfairly criticised at this first enquiry and Robertson was posted to a shore base; he resigned soon afterwards. Due to Sir John Spicer's rejection of witness evidence, in 1967 Mr Samuels QC likened Spicer's 1964 [3]report on the collision and royal commission as "a wrongful rejection of evidence leading to a miscarriage of justice." John Jess (MHR 1960-1972) who was one of the few Parliamentarians to speak out against the injustice of the royal commission described the handling of the enquiry and criticism of both crews as "a tragic situation." At the Censure Motion in 1964 in the Parliament he said, "at no time does it appear to me that an apology was ever made to the navy personnel for the treatment to which they have been subjected.[4]
Increasing pressure over the results of the first Royal Commission, along with allegations by former Voyager executive officer Peter Cabban that Captain Duncan Stevens was unfit for command, prompted a second Royal Commission in 1967: the only time in Australian history that two Royal Commissions have been held to investigate the same incident. Although Cabban's claims revolved primarily around Stevens' drinking to excess, the second Royal Commission found that Stevens was unfit to command for medical reasons. Consequently, it was argued the findings of the first Royal Commission were based on incorrect assumptions, and Robertson and his officers were not to blame for the collision. Despite this assertion the two crews continued to experience responsibility for the collision based on false assumptions made by John Spicer in the face of legitimate evidence at both royal commissions that the collision was a freak accident, the reason for which had not been determined.[5]