São Francisco River
River in Brazil / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The São Francisco River (Portuguese: Rio São Francisco, Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w fɾɐ̃ˈsisku]) is a large river in Brazil. With a length of 2,914 kilometres (1,811 mi),[1] it is the longest river that runs entirely in Brazilian territory, and the fourth longest in South America and overall in Brazil (after the Amazon, the Paraná and the Madeira). It used to be known as the Opara by the indigenous people before colonisation, and is today also known as "Velho Chico".[2]
This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2009) |
São Francisco River Velho Chico | |
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Native name | Rio São Francisco (Portuguese) |
Location | |
Country | Brazil |
States | Minas Gerais, Bahia, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe |
Region | South America |
Physical characteristics | |
Source | Canastra Mountains |
• location | São Roque de Minas, Minas Gerais |
• coordinates | 20°13′49″S 46°26′35″W |
• elevation | 1,450 m (4,760 ft) |
Mouth | Atlantic Ocean |
• location | near Piaçabuçu, Alagoas / Sergipe border |
• coordinates | 10°29′59″S 36°23′44″W |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
Length | 2,830 km (1,760 mi) |
Basin size | 641,000 km2 (247,000 sq mi) |
Discharge | |
• average | 2,943 m3/s (103,900 cu ft/s) |
• minimum | 1,480 m3/s (52,000 cu ft/s) |
• maximum | 11,718 m3/s (413,800 cu ft/s) |
The São Francisco originates in the Canastra mountain range in the central-western part of the state of Minas Gerais. It runs generally north in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, behind the coastal range, draining an area of over 630,000 square kilometres (240,000 sq mi), before turning east to form the border between Bahia on the right bank and the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas on the left one. After that, it ends on the boundaries between the states of Alagoas and Sergipe and washes into the Atlantic Ocean. In addition to the five states which the São Francisco directly traverses or borders, its drainage basin also includes tributaries from the state of Goiás and the Federal District.
It is an important river for Brazil, called "the river of national integration" because it unites diverse climates and regions of the country, in particular the Southeast with the Northeast. It is also significant because it passes through the semi-arid region of the country, a region historically characterized by droughts and low access to water. It is navigable between the cities of Pirapora (Minas Gerais) and Juazeiro (Bahia), as well as between Piranhas (Alagoas) and the mouth on the ocean, but traditional passenger navigation has almost disappeared in recent years due to changes in the river flow (see below).