Portal:Czech Republic
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The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The Czech Republic has a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,871 square kilometers (30,452 sq mi) with a mostly temperate continental and oceanic climate. The capital and largest city is Prague; other major cities and urban areas include Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň and Liberec.
The Duchy of Bohemia was founded in the late 9th century under Great Moravia. It was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire in 1002 and became a kingdom in 1198. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, all of the Crown lands of Bohemia were gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy. Nearly a hundred years later, the Protestant Bohemian Revolt led to the Thirty Years' War. After the Battle of White Mountain, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Crown lands became part of the Austrian Empire.
In the 19th century, the Czech lands became more industrialized, and in 1918 most of it became part of the First Czechoslovak Republic following the collapse of Austria-Hungary after World War I. Czechoslovakia was the only country in Central and Eastern Europe to remain a parliamentary democracy during the entirety of the interwar period. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, Nazi Germany systematically took control over the Czech lands. Czechoslovakia was restored in 1945 and three years later became an Eastern Bloc communist state following a coup d'état in 1948. Attempts to liberalize the government and economy were suppressed by a Soviet-led invasion of the country during the Prague Spring in 1968. In November 1989, the Velvet Revolution ended communist rule in the country and restored democracy. On 31 December 1992, Czechoslovakia was peacefully dissolved, with its constituent states becoming the independent states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
The Czech Republic is a unitary parliamentary republic and developed country with an advanced, high-income social market economy. It is a welfare state with a European social model, universal health care and free-tuition university education. It ranks 32nd in the Human Development Index. The Czech Republic is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the European Union, the OECD, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group. (Full article...)
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Photographer: Karelj; License: Public domain
In this month
- 1 July 1991 – The Warsaw Pact is dissolved in Prague
- 6 July 1415 – Church reformer Jan Hus is burned at the stake, marked by a state holiday since 1925.
- 9 July 1357 – Charles IV reportedly lays the first stone at the Charles Bridge (pictured) in Prague
- 29 July 1817 – Foundation of Moravské zemské muzeum in Brno under the name Františkovo muzeum, the second-oldest museum in the country
- 30 July 1419 – The first of the Defenestrations of Prague: a group led by priest Jan Želivský go to Prague's New Town Hall, where they throw councillors out of the windows, starting the Hussite Wars
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/E_M_1893_1945_Plk_Cs_Armady.jpg/320px-E_M_1893_1945_Plk_Cs_Armady.jpg)
Emanuel Moravec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmoravɛts]; 17 April 1893 – 5 May 1945) was a Czech army officer and writer who served as the collaborationist Minister of Education of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia between 1942 and 1945. He was also chair of the Board of Trustees for the Education of Youth, a fascist youth organisation in the protectorate.
In World War I, Moravec served in the Austro-Hungarian Army, but following capture by the Russians he changed sides to join Russian-backed Serbian forces and then the Czechoslovak Legion, which went on to fight on the side of the White Army in the Russian Civil War. During the interwar period he commanded an infantry battalion in the Czechoslovak Army. As a proponent of democracy during the 1930s, Moravec was outspoken in his warnings about the expansionist plans of Germany under Adolf Hitler and appealed for armed action rather than capitulation to German demands for the Sudetenland. In the aftermath of the German occupation of the rump Czechoslovakia, he became an enthusiastic collaborator, realigning his political worldview towards fascism. He committed suicide in the final days of World War II. (Full article...)Did you know?
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/DYKSquare.png/65px-DYKSquare.png)
- ...that in 1990, Czech and Slovak politicians "fought" the Hyphen War, a political battle over whether "Czechoslovakia" should be spelled with a hyphen?
- ... that the leftist Czechoslovak Chemical Workers' Union was expelled from the OSČ trade union centre in 1922?
- ... that Jan Maroši scored directly from a corner for Sigma Olomouc in a 1992–93 UEFA Cup match against Juventus?
- ... that Czech actress Anna Letenská was killed by the Nazis for her alleged participation in the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich?
General images
- Image 2Vladislaus Hall at the Prague Castle, built from 1490 to 1502 by Benedikt Rejt (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 5Duchy of Bohemia, around 1029 (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 7Zelňačka (from Czech cuisine)
- Image 8Russian occupation in 1968 (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 9Beheading of 27 Bohemian nobles at the Old Town Square in Prague, 1621 (contemporary illustration) (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 10Václav Havel, playwright, dissident and president from 1989 to 2003 (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 11Fried cheese, served with tartar sauce and side salad (from Czech cuisine)
- Image 16Svíčková na smetaně (Marinated tenderloin), served here with dumplings and cream (from Czech cuisine)
- Image 18A panorama of Kłodzko, the capital city of Kłodzko Land, which is referred to as "Little Prague" (from Bohemia)
- Image 19Baroque St. Nicholas Church in Malá Strana, built between 1704 and 1755 (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 20A "traditional Bohemian platter" at a restaurant in central Prague, consisting of roast duck, roast pork, beer sausage, smoked meat, red and white cabbage, bread, bacon and potato dumplings. (from Czech cuisine)
- Image 21The extent of the Protestant Reformation (1545–1620) (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 22St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague Castle, John of Luxembourg laid the foundation stone in 1344 (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 25Map of protected areas of the Czech Republic: national parks (grey) and protected landscape areas (green) (from Protected areas of the Czech Republic)
- Image 26Tomas Garrigue Masaryk, philosopher, Czechoslovak president in the years 1918-1935 (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 29The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia (from Bohemia)
- Image 30Entrance to Moravian Karst PLA (from Protected areas of the Czech Republic)
- Image 31Detailed map of Bohemia, 1742 (from Bohemia)
- Image 34Czech kings Ottokar II, Wenceslas II and Wenceslas III from the Přemyslid dynasty (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 36Monument to Master Jan Hus, a religious reformer and philosopher in Prague (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 40Lands of the Bohemian Crown (until 1635), map by Josef Pekař, 1921 (from Bohemia)
- Image 42Venus of Dolní Věstonice, the oldest ceramic article in the world (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 44Rotunda of St. George from the beginning of the 12th century on Mount Říp (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 46An 1892 map showing Bohemia proper outlined in pink, Moravia in yellow, and Austrian Silesia in orange (from Bohemia)
- Image 47Christmas cookies (vánoční cukroví) (from Czech cuisine)
- Image 48Church of Saint Agnes of Bohemia (Spořilov) (from Czech architecture)
- Image 49Řežabinec a Řežabinecké tůně National Nature Reserve (from Protected areas of the Czech Republic)
- Image 53Adria Palace (Prague) (from Czech architecture)
- Image 57Cubist lamp by Emil Králíček, Jungmannovo náměstí, next to the Gothic Church of Our Lady of the Snows (Prague) (from Czech architecture)
- Image 58John Amos Comenius (1592-1670), Czech philosopher and school reformer (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 59Stone sculpture of a Celtic man, found in Mšecké Žehrovice (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 61Dacian Influence over Bohemia (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 62Copper engraving of the Second Defenestration of Prague from Theatrum Europaeum by Matthäus Merian. (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 63The Kingdom of Bohemia in 1618 with other Bohemian Crown lands within the Holy Roman Empire (1618). (from Bohemia)
- Image 64King George of Podebrady, one of the first promoters of united Europe (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 65Cubist architecture in Prague (from Czech architecture)
- Image 67Grand Café Orient in Prague (from Czech architecture)
- Image 68Semi-detached villa in Brno by Otto Eisler, according to MoMA's Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson, is a defining building of the International style. (from Czech architecture)
- Image 69Bohemia (westernmost area) in Czechoslovakia 1918–1938 (from Bohemia)
- Image 70Library of Clementinum, a former Jesuit College, built in 1722 (from History of the Czech lands)
- Image 71Prague-style beef goulash (from Czech cuisine)
- Image 72Svíčková na smetaně served with dumplings, whipped cream and cranberries (from Czech cuisine)
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Topics
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Animated-Flag-Czech.gif/80px-Animated-Flag-Czech.gif)
Czech lands: Bohemia • Moravia • Czech Silesia
History: Únětice culture • Boii • Marcomanni • Samo • Great Moravia • Přemyslid dynasty • Lands of the Bohemian Crown • Czech lands (1526–1648) • 1648–1867 • 1867–1918) • Czechoslovakia • Czech Republic
Geography: Lakes • Protected areas • Regions • Rivers
Law: Judiciary • Law enforcement • Supreme Court of the Czech Republic
Politics: Administrative divisions • Government • Constitution • Elections • Foreign relations • Army • Parliament • Political parties • President • Prime Minister
Economy: Banks • Czech koruna • Energy • Oil and gas deposits • Stock Exchange • Tourism • Transport
Culture: Architecture • Art • Cinema • Cuisine • Demographics • Education • Language • Literature • Media • Music • Philosophy • Prostitution • Public holidays • Religion • Sport • Television • Video games
Symbols: Flag • Coat of arms • National anthem (Kde domov můj)
Lists: Outline of the Czech Republic • List of Czech Republic–related topics
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