Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Demographic features of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Population pyramid of Bosnia Herzegovina in 2020
Population	2,946,301 (2022 est.)
Growth rate	-0.22% (2022 est.)
Birth rate	8.41 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate	10.26 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy	77.98 years
• male	75.02 years
• female	81.15 years
Fertility rate	1.36 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate	5.21 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate	-0.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years	13.18%
65 and over	16.22%
Sex ratio
Total	0.95 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth	1.07 male(s)/female
Under 15	1.07 male(s)/female
65 and over	0.42 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality	Bosnian
Major ethnic	Bosniak (50.1%)
Minor ethnic	Serb (30.7%) ,Croat (15.4%)
Language
Official	Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian
Spoken	Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian

Demographic characteristics

Population

Population density in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipality, early data from the 2013 census

Vital statistics

^[1] Source: Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina^[2]

Year	Mid-year population	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	Total fertility rate	Female fertile population (15–49 years)
1947	2,532,000	84,600	38,900	45,700	33.4	15.4	18.0
1948	2,581,987	90,700	41,600	49,100	35.1	16.1	19.0		647,112
1949	2,641,990	98,200	42,200	56,000	37.2	16.0	21.2		669,152
1950	2,662,010	102,680	35,991	66,689	38.6	13.5	25.1	5.17	691,192
1951	2,721,009	92,330	46,358	45,972	33.9	17.0	16.9	4.51	713,232
1952	2,790,991	112,216	34,817	77,399	40.2	12.5	27.7	5.33	735,272
1953	2,863,124	110,373	41,199	69,174	38.5	14.4	24.2	4.84	757,312
1954	2,916,007	115,854	35,158	80,696	39.7	12.1	27.7	4.93	765,462
1955	2,973,986	110,866	40,513	70,353	37.3	13.6	23.7	4.59	773,612
1956	3,025,000	111,561	38,320	73,241	36.9	12.7	24.2	4.48	781,761
1957	3,076,006	102,649	36,830	65,819	33.4	12.0	21.4	4.02	789,911
1958	3,126,012	110,332	30,123	80,209	35.3	9.6	25.7	4.22	798,061
1959	3,185,005	108,123	32,507	75,616	33.9	10.2	23.7	4.06	806,211
1960	3,240,010	110,499	33,360	77,139	34.1	10.3	23.8	4.06	814,360
1961	3,291,684	108,076	29,413	78,663	32.8	8.9	23.9	3.91	822,510
1962	3,338,505	106,826	31,087	75,739	32.0	9.3	22.7	3.86	838,877
1963	3,385,326	104,240	29,161	75,079	30.8	8.6	22.2	3.75	855,245
1964	3,432,147	101,147	29,846	71,301	29.5	8.7	20.8	3.62	871,612
1965	3,478,968	101,351	27,814	73,537	29.1	8.0	21.1	3.61	887,979
1966	3,525,789	97,689	25,138	72,551	27.7	7.1	20.6	3.46	904,347
1967	3,572,609	92,972	26,195	66,777	26.0	7.3	18.7	3.28	920,714
1968	3,619,430	89,134	26,031	63,103	24.6	7.2	17.4	3.14	937,081
1969	3,666,251	87,687	27,805	59,882	23.9	7.6	16.3	3.05	953,448
1970	3,713,072	79,296	26,355	52,941	21.4	7.1	14.3	2.74	969,816
1971	3,759,893	82,694	24,915	57,779	22.0	6.6	15.4	2.83	986,183
1972	3,797,523	82,068	26,844	55,224	21.6	7.1	14.5	2.76	998,220
1973	3,835,154	77,896	24,672	53,224	20.3	6.4	13.9	2.57	1,010,257
1974	3,872,784	77,833	23,661	54,172	20.1	6.1	14.0	2.52	1,022,293
1975	3,910,414	78,844	25,571	53,273	20.2	6.5	13.6	2.51	1,034,330
1976	3,948,045	79,061	25,178	53,883	20.0	6.4	13.6	2.47	1,046,367
1977	3,985,675	75,669	24,821	50,848	19.0	6.2	12.8	2.32	1,058,404
1978	4,023,305	73,306	26,016	47,290	18.2	6.5	11.8	2.21	1,070,441
1979	4,060,935	71,120	25,370	45,750	17.5	6.2	11.3	2.10	1,082,477
1980	4,098,566	70,928	26,115	44,813	17.3	6.4	10.9	2.06	1,094,514
1981	4,136,196	71,031	26,222	44,809	17.2	6.3	10.8	2.03	1,106,551
1982	4,160,280	73,375	26,775	46,600	17.6	6.4	11.2	2.09	1,105,958
1983	4,184,363	74,296	29,999	44,297	17.8	7.2	10.6	2.12	1,105,366
1984	4,208,447	74,539	29,046	45,493	17.7	6.9	10.8	2.13	1,104,773
1985	4,232,531	72,722	28,966	43,756	17.2	6.8	10.3	2.08	1,104,181
1986	4,256,615	71,203	29,127	42,076	16.7	6.8	9.9	2.04	1,103,588
1987	4,280,698	70,898	29,382	41,516	16.6	6.9	9.7	2.03	1,102,995
1988	4,304,782	70,711	29,555	41,156	16.4	6.9	9.6	2.03	1,102,403
1989	4,328,866	66,809	30,383	36,426	15.4	7.0	8.4	1.92	1,101,810
1990	4,352,949	66,952	29,093	37,859	15.4	6.7	8.7	1.93	1,101,218
1991	4,377,033	64,769	30,680	34,089	14.8	7.0	7.8	1.87	1,100,625
1992*
1993*
1994*
1995*
1996	3,368,597	46,594	25,152	21,442	13.8	7.5	6.4	1.88	862,840
1997	3,398,264	48,061	27,875	20,186	14.1	8.2	5.9	1.95	866,251
1998	3,423,921	45,007	28,679	16,328	13.1	8.4	4.8	1.83	870,474
1999	3,445,172	42,464	28,637	13,827	12.3	8.3	4.0	1.73	874,188
2000	3,462,336	39,563	30,482	9,081	11.4	8.8	2.6	1.61	876,695
2001	3,478,679	37,717	30,325	7,392	10.8	8.7	2.1	1.54	879,484
2002	3,493,146	36,485	30,831	5,654	10.4	8.8	1.6	1.49	881,166
2003	3,498,291	34,691	32,018	2,673	9.9	9.2	0.8	1.42	879,547
2004	3,501,467	33,862	32,223	1,639	9.7	9.2	0.5	1.38	877,903
2005	3,503,634	33,233	33,925	-692	9.5	9.7	-0.2	1.36	875,167
2006	3,500,212	33,038	32,652	386	9.4	9.3	0.1	1.36	871,089
2007	3,498,023	32,801	34,392	-1,591	9.4	9.8	-0.5	1.35	867,212
2008	3,493,737	34,023	33,871	152	9.7	9.7	0.0	1.41	859,217
2009	3,491,327	34,449	34,709	-260	9.9	9.9	-0.1	1.43	851,596
2010	3,488,441	33,445	34,905	-1,460	9.6	10.0	-0.4	1.40	847,365
2011	3,484,154	31,694	34,820	-3,126	9.1	10.0	-0.9	1.33	843,765
2012	3,479,339	32,414	35,578	-3,164	9.3	10.2	-0.9	1.36	839,698
2013	3,473,826	30,551	35,379	-4,828	8.8	10.2	-1.4	1.30	832,872
2014	3,466,507	30,134	35,692	-5,558	8.7	10.3	-1.6	1.29	825,060
2015	3,456,500	29,647	37,876	-8,229	8.6	11.0	-2.4	1.28	815,928
2016	3,447,001	29,985	36,065	-6,080	8.7	10.5	-1.8	1.30	806,794
2017	3,437,453	30,061	37,453	-7,392	8.7	10.9	-2.2	1.31	797,851
2018	3,427,369	29,328	37,237	-7,909	8.6	10.9	-2.3	1.29	789,269
2019	3,415,752	28,192	38,237	-10,045	8.3	11.2	-2.9	1.26	781,299
2020	3,403,638	27,156	43,808	-16,652	8.0	12.9	-4.9	1.23	772,876
2021	3,378,821	26,993	49,682	-22,689	8.0	14.7	-6.7	1.24	763,709
2022	3,358,496	26,516	40,692	-14,176	7.9	12.1	-4.2	1.23	755,419
2023	3,345,818	26,294	34,983	-8,689	7.9	10.5	-2.6	1.23	748,332

*No data for the period 1992–1995

Current vital statistics

^[3]

Period	Live births	Deaths	Natural increase
January - June 2023	11,451	17,613	-6,162
January - June 2024	11,142	17,319	-6,177
Difference	-309 (-2.70%)	-294 (-1.67%)	-15

Structure of the population

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	1 732 270	1 798 889	3 531 159	100
0–4	89 442	84 622	174 064	4.93
5–9	90 881	86 099	176 980	5.01
10–14	98 653	94 022	192 675	5.46
15–19	124 900	117 842	242 742	6.87
20–24	116 883	111 173	228 056	6.46
25–29	129 248	123 070	252 318	7.15
30–34	128 593	124 040	252 633	7.15
35–39	126 145	123 121	249 266	7.06
40–44	121 595	119 543	241 138	6.83
45–49	130 087	130 841	260 928	7.39
50–54	136 153	140 422	276 575	7.83
55–59	125 576	132 961	258 537	7.32
60–64	104 970	118 281	223 251	6.32
65–69	69 066	84 503	153 569	4.35
70–74	59 854	80 601	140 455	3.98
75–79	47 403	69 864	117 267	3.32
80–84	23 769	38 867	62 636	1.77
85+	9 052	19 017	28 069	0.79
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	278 976	264 743	543 719	15.40
15–64	1 244 150	1 241 294	2 485 444	70.39
65+	209 144	292 852	501 996	14.22

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 30.IX.2013):^[4]

Vital statistics by entity

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

^[5][6]

Source: Institute for Statistics of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina^[7]

	Mid-year population	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1,000)	Crude death rate (per 1,000)	Natural change (per 1,000)	Total fertility rate	Female fertile population (15–49 years)
1991	2,720,074	42,426	18,332	24,094	15.6	6.7	8.9	1.92	696,784
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996	2,141,341	34,331	14,221	20,110	16.0	6.6	9.4	2.05	579,263
1997	2,161,442	34,304	16,120	18,184	15.9	7.5	8.4	2.06	581,215
1998	2,176,885	31,480	16,210	15,270	14.5	7.4	7.0	1.90	583,979
1999	2,189,576	27,964	16,108	11,856	12.8	7.4	5.4	1.70	586,234
2000	2,199,128	25,372	17,112	8,260	11.5	7.8	3.8	1.54	587,282
2001	2,208,263	24,018	16,891	7,127	10.9	7.6	3.2	1.47	588,612
2002	2,215,548	23,251	17,175	6,076	10.5	7.8	2.7	1.43	588,834
2003	2,222,079	23,168	18,259	4,909	10.4	8.2	2.2	1.42	588,042
2004	2,227,181	22,250	18,350	3,900	10.0	8.2	1.8	1.36	587,226
2005	2,231,764	21,934	19,293	2,641	9.8	8.6	1.2	1.35	585,319
2006[8][9]	2,230,967	21,602	18,678	2,924	9.7	8.4	1.3	1.33	582,071
2007	2,231,548	21,715	19,428	2,287	9.7	8.7	1.0	1.35	579,026
2008	2,229,787	22,920	19,480	3,440	10.3	8.7	1.5	1.43	571,863
2009	2,229,072	22,913	20,022	2,891	10.3	9.0	1.3	1.44	565,074
2010	2,228,027	22,382	20,482	1,900	10.0	9.2	0.9	1.41	561,677
2011	2,226,011	21,228	20,208	1,020	9.5	9.1	0.5	1.34	558,911
2012	2,222,587	21,472	20,859	613	9.7	9.4	0.3	1.36	555,678
2013	2,219,131	20,145	20,465	-320	9.1	9.2	-0.1	1.29	551,251
2014	2,215,997	19,880	20,283	-403	9.0	9.2	-0.2	1.29	546,324
2015	2,210,994	19,358	21,703	-2,345	8.8	9.8	-1.1	1.26	540,354
2016	2,206,231	19,655	21,105	-1,450	8.9	9.6	-0.7	1.28	534,268
2017[10]	2,201,193	19,824	21,689	-1,865	9.0	9.9	-0.8	1.29	528,096
2018[11]	2,196,233	18,899	21,442	-2,543	8.6	9.8	-1.2	1.25	522,242
2019[12]	2,190,098	18,019	22,024	-4,005	8.2	10.1	-1.8	1.21	516,595
2020[13]	2,184,680	17,211	26,026	-8,815	7.9	11.9	-4.0	1.16	512,053
2021[14]	2,168,602	16,873	29,086	-12,213	7.8	13.4	-5.6	1.15	506,760
2022	2,156,846	16,538	23,187	-6,649	7.7	10.8	-3.1	1.14	501,018
2023	2,150,054	16,174	20,361	-4,187	7.5	9.5	-1.9	1.13	496,545

Current vital statistics

^[15]

Period	Live births	Deaths	Natural increase
January - September 2023	11,418	14,763	-3,345
January - September 2024	11,228	14,739	-3,511
Difference	-190 (-1.66%)	-24 (-0.16%)	-166

Republika Srpska

^[16][17]

Source: Republika Srpska Institute of Statistics^[18]

	Mid-year population	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	Total fertility rate	Female fertile population (15–49 years)
1991	1,569,332	21,149	11,735	9,414	13.5	7.5	6.0	1.79	381,699
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996	1,193,656	11,939	10,676	1,263	10.0	8.9	1.1	1.54	274,878
1997	1,194,919	13,374	11,464	1,910	11.2	9.6	1.6	1.73	274,188
1998	1,196,829	13,046	12,123	923	10.9	10.1	0.8	1.69	273,497
1999	1,197,086	13,995	12,152	1,843	11.7	10.2	1.5	1.83	272,806
2000	1,196,395	13,643	12,960	683	11.4	10.8	0.6	1.78	272,116
2001	1,195,299	13,047	12,932	115	10.9	10.8	0.1	1.72	271,425
2002	1,194,178	12,336	12,980	-644	10.3	10.9	-0.5	1.62	270,735
2003	1,192,622	10,537	12,988	-2,451	8.8	10.9	-2.1	1.40	270,044
2004	1,190,526	10,628	13,082	-2,454	8.9	11.0	-2.1	1.41	269,354
2005	1,187,940	10,322	13,802	-3,480	8.7	11.6	-2.9	1.37	268,663
2006	1,185,145	10,524	13,232	-2,708	8.9	11.2	-2.3	1.40	267,972
2007	1,182,217	10,110	14,146	-4,036	8.6	12.0	-3.4	1.34	267,282
2008	1,179,717	10,198	13,501	-3,303	8.6	11.4	-2.8	1.36	266,591
2009[19]	1,177,995	10,603	13,775	-3,172	9.0	11.7	-2.7	1.41	265,901
2010	1,176,419	10,147	13,517	-3,370	8.6	11.5	-2.9	1.35	265,210
2011	1,174,420	9,561	13,658	-4,097	8.1	11.6	-3.5	1.28	264,520
2012	1,173,131	9,978	13,796	-3,818	8.5	11.8	-3.3	1.34	263,829
2013	1,171,179	9,510	13,978	-4,468	8.1	11.9	-3.8	1.29	261,574
2014	1,167,082	9,335	14,409	-5,074	8.0	12.3	-4.3	1.28	258,833
2015	1,162,164	9,357	15,059	-5,702	8.1	13.0	-4.9	1.29	255,815
2016	1,157,516	9,452	13,970	-4,518	8.2	12.1	-3.9	1.32	252,911
2017	1,153,017	9,339	14,663	-5,324	8.1	12.7	-4.6	1.31	250,241
2018[20][21]	1,147,902	9,568	14,763	-5,195	8.3	12.9	-4.5	1.37	247,599
2019[22][23]	1,142,495	9,274	15,081	-5,807	8.1	13.2	-5.1	1.34	245,368
2020[24]	1,136,274	9,161	16,582	-7,421	8.1	14.6	-6.5	1.36	241,626
2021[25]	1,128,309	9,274	19,002	-9,728	8.2	16.8	-8.6	1.41	237,927
2022	1,120,236	9,118	16,263	-7,145	8.1	14.5	-6.4	1.40	235,589
2023	1,114,819	9,309	13,508	-4,199	8.4	12.1	-3.8	1.45	233,233

Current vital statistics

^[26]

Period	Live births	Deaths	Natural increase
January - September 2023	6,330	10,229	-3,899
January - September 2024	6,191	10,736	-4,545
Difference	-139 (-2.20%)	+507 (+4.96%)	-646

Brčko District

Source: Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Statistics of the Brčko District BiH^[27]

	Mid-year population	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	Total fertility rate	Female fertile population (15–49 years)
1991	87,627	1,194	613	581	13.6	7.0	6.6	1.69	22,142
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996	33,600	324	255	69	9.6	7.6	2.1	1.38	8,699
1997	41,903	383	291	92	9.1	6.9	2.2	1.31	10,848
1998	50,207	481	346	135	9.6	6.9	2.7	1.38	12,998
1999	58,510	505	377	128	8.6	6.4	2.2	1.24	15,148
2000	66,813	548	410	138	8.2	6.1	2.1	1.17	17,297
2001	75,117	652	502	150	8.7	6.7	2.0	1.25	19,447
2002	83,420	898	676	222	10.8	8.1	2.7	1.58	21,597
2003[28]	83,590	986	771	215	11.8	9.2	2.6	1.72	21,461
2004	83,760	984	791	193	11.7	9.4	2.3	1.73	21,323
2005	83,930	977	830	147	11.6	9.9	1.8	1.70	21,185
2006	84,100	912	742	170	10.8	8.8	2.0	1.59	21,045
2007	84,258	976	818	158	11.6	9.7	1.9	1.71	20,905
2008[29]	84,233	905	890	15	10.7	10.6	0.2	1.58	20,763
2009	84,260	933	912	21	11.1	10.8	0.2	1.63	20,621
2010	83,995	916	906	10	10.9	10.8	0.1	1.61	20,478
2011	83,723	905	954	-49	10.8	11.4	-0.6	1.61	20,335
2012[30]	83,621	964	923	41	11.5	11.0	0.5	1.71	20,191
2013	83,516	896	936	-40	10.7	11.2	-0.5	1.60	20,047
2014	83,428	919	1,000	-81	11.0	12.0	-1.0	1.65	19,903
2015	83,342	932	1,114	-182	11.2	13.4	-2.2	1.69	19,759
2016	83,254	878	990	-112	10.5	11.9	-1.3	1.59	19,615
2017[31]	83,243	898	1,101	-203	10.8	13.2	-2.4	1.63	19,514
2018[32]	83,234	861	1,032	-171	10.3	12.4	-2.1	1.58	19,428
2019[33]	83,159	899	1,132	-233	10.8	13.6	-2.8	1.66	19,336
2020[34]	82,684	784	1,200	-416	9.5	14.5	-5.0	1.47	19,197
2021[35]	81,910	846	1,594	-748	10.3	19.5	-9.1	1.58	19,022
2022	81,414	860	1,242	-382	10.6	15.3	-4.7	1.63	18,812
2023	80,945	811	1,114	-303	10.0	13.8	-3.7	1.56	18,554

Current vital statistics

^[36]

Period	Live births	Deaths	Natural increase
January - June 2023	375	553	-178
January - June 2024	379	620	-241
Difference	+4 (+1.07%)	+67 (+10.81%)	-63

Marriages and divorces

	Mid-year	Marriages	Divorces	Crude marriage rate (per 1,000)	Crude divorce rate (per 1,000)	Divorces per 1,000 marriages
1950	2,662,010	30,242	2,447	11.4	0.9	80.9
1951	2,721,009	30,638	1,883	11.3	0.7	61.5
1952	2,790,991	33,040	1,313	11.8	0.5	39.7
1953	2,863,124	31,069	1,931	10.9	0.7	62.2
1954	2,916,007	31,658	2,023	10.9	0.7	63.9
1955	2,973,986	29,179	2,331	9.8	0.8	79.9
1956	3,025,000	27,361	2,596	9.0	0.9	94.9
1957	3,076,006	27,928	2,662	9.1	0.9	95.3
1958	3,126,012	33,901	3,249	10.8	1.0	95.8
1959	3,185,005	31,926	2,788	10.0	0.9	87.3
1960	3,240,010	32,855	3,320	10.1	1.0	101.1
1961	3,291,684	31,842	3,126	9.7	0.9	98.2
1962	3,368,774	30,620	3,150	9.1	0.9	102.9
1963	3,444,107	29,749	3,002	8.6	0.9	100.9
1964	3,517,207	31,424	3,267	8.9	0.9	104.0
1965	3,589,486	33,214	2,693	9.3	0.8	81.1
1966	3,667,002	31,842	3,554	8.7	1.0	111.6
1967	3,735,394	31,116	3,181	8.3	0.9	102.2
1968	3,750,866	30,814	2,865	8.2	0.8	93.0
1969	3,710,120	31,868	2,960	8.6	0.8	92.9
1970	3,708,455	34,411	3,074	9.3	0.8	89.3
1971	3,759,893	35,290	3,114	9.4	0.8	88.2
1972	3,818,703	34,660	3,201	9.1	0.8	92.4
1973	3,871,815	33,991	3,429	8.8	0.9	100.9
1974	3,924,760	34,917	3,579	8.9	0.9	102.5
1975	3,976,913	35,776	4,512	9.0	1.1	126.1
1976	4,033,031	33,849	3,696	8.4	0.9	109.2
1977	4,085,918	34,951	3,023	8.6	0.7	86.5
1978	4,134,878	34,970	3,423	8.5	0.8	97.9
1979	4,147,344	35,111	3,055	8.5	0.7	87.0
1980	4,125,486	35,012	2,610	8.5	0.6	74.5
1981	4,136,196	36,631	3,419	8.9	0.8	93.3
1982	4,154,000	36,422	3,075	8.8	0.7	84.4
1983	4,178,000	37,239	3,149	8.9	0.8	84.6
1984	4,203,000	35,767	2,599	8.5	0.6	72.7
1985	4,227,000	35,015	2,926	8.3	0.7	83.6
1986	4,251,000	34,338	2,228	8.1	0.5	64.9
1987	4,275,000	34,466	2,118	8.1	0.5	61.5
1988	4,299,000	34,700	2,089	8.1	0.5	60.2
1989	4,323,000	34,550	2,098	8.0	0.5	60.7
1990	4,347,000	29,990	1,756	6.9	0.4	58.6
1991	4,377,033	28,238	1,590	6.5	0.4	56.3
1992*
1993*
1994*
1995*
1996	3,530,799	21,107	1,115	6.0	0.3	52.8
1997	3,529,909	23,181	1,835	6.6	0.5	79.2
1998	3,529,573	22,398	1,964	6.3	0.6	87.7
1999	3,527,549	22,472	1,995	6.4	0.6	88.8
2000	3,524,627	21,897	1,929	6.2	0.5	88.1
2001	3,521,310	20,302	2,126	5.8	0.6	104.7
2002	3,517,955	20,766	2,330	5.9	0.7	112.2
2003	3,514,019	20,526	1,998	5.8	0.6	97.3
2004	3,509,542	21,620	1,524	6.2	0.4	70.5
2005	3,505,037	21,099	1,719	6.0	0.5	81.5
2006	3,501,621	20,545	1,548	5.9	0.4	75.3
2007	3,498,023	22,613	1,721	6.5	0.5	76.1
2008	3,493,737	21,990	1,337	6.3	0.4	60.8
2009	3,491,327	20,471	1,399	5.9	0.4	68.3
2010	3,488,441	19,373	1,665	5.6	0.5	85.9
2011	3,484,154	19,004	2,306	5.5	0.7	121.3
2012	3,479,234	18,089	2,290	5.2	0.7	126.6
2013	3,473,720	17,470	2,607	5.0	0.8	149.2
2014	3,466,388	18,468	2,678	5.3	0.8	145.0
2015	3,456,394	19,537	2,956	5.7	0.9	151.3
2016	3,447,001	19,006	2,759	5.5	0.8	145.2
2017	3,437,453	19,666	3,005	5.7	0.9	152.8
2018	3,427,369	19,659	3,084	5.7	0.9	156.9
2019	3,415,752	18,687	2,775	5.5	0.8	148.5

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

	Mid-year	Marriages	Divorces	Crude marriage rate (per 1,000)	Crude divorce rate (per 1,000)	Divorces per 1,000 marriages
1991	2,720,074	18,352	813	6.7	0.3	44.3
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996	2,283,335	14,692	378	6.4	0.2	25.7
1997	2,281,226	16,061	1,098	7.0	0.5	68.4
1998	2,279,083	14,921	1,163	6.5	0.5	77.9
1999	2,276,927	14,285	1,201	6.3	0.5	84.1
2000	2,274,789	13,894	1,180	6.1	0.5	84.9
2001	2,272,655	12,758	1,286	5.6	0.6	100.8
2002	2,239,417	12,889	1,424	5.8	0.6	110.5
2003	2,237,334	13,102	1,174	5.9	0.5	89.6
2004	2,235,250	13,695	857	6.1	0.4	62.6
2005	2,233,167	13,620	966	6.1	0.4	70.9
2006	2,232,376	13,012	933	5.8	0.4	71.7
2007	2,231,548	14,808	1,031	6.6	0.5	69.6
2008	2,229,787	14,909	938	6.7	0.4	62.9
2009	2,229,072	13,670	805	6.1	0.4	58.9
2010	2,228,027	12,988	994	5.8	0.4	76.5
2011	2,226,011	12,589	1,221	5.7	0.5	97.0
2012	2,222,587	12,060	1,176	5.4	0.5	97.5
2013	2,219,131	11,381	1,364	5.1	0.6	119.8
2014	2,215,997	11,982	1,321	5.4	0.6	110.2
2015	2,210,994	12,972	1,502	5.9	0.7	115.8
2016	2,206,231	12,790	1,445	5.8	0.7	113.0
2017	2,201,193	12,994	1,725	5.9	0.8	132.8
2018	2,196,233	13,061	1,823	5.9	0.8	139.6
2019	2,190,098	12,266	1,673	5.6	0.8	136.4

Republika Srpska

	Mid-year	Marriages	Divorces	Crude marriage rate (per 1,000)	Crude divorce rate (per 1,000)	Divorces per 1,000 marriages
1991	1,569,332	9,232	621	5.9	0.4	67.3
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996	1,247,464	6,415	737	5.1	0.6	114.9
1997	1,248,683	7,120	737	5.7	0.6	103.5
1998	1,250,490	7,477	801	6.0	0.6	107.1
1999	1,250,622	8,187	794	6.5	0.6	97.0
2000	1,249,838	8,003	749	6.4	0.6	93.6
2001	1,248,655	7,544	840	6.0	0.7	111.3
2002	1,194,178	7,233	848	6.1	0.7	117.2
2003	1,192,622	6,769	744	5.7	0.6	109.9
2004	1,190,526	7,143	637	6.0	0.5	89.2
2005	1,187,940	6,810	721	5.7	0.6	105.9
2006	1,185,145	6,860	526	5.8	0.4	76.7
2007	1,182,217	7,093	596	6.0	0.5	84.0
2008	1,179,717	6,401	317	5.4	0.3	49.5
2009	1,177,995	6,131	455	5.2	0.4	74.2
2010	1,176,419	5,767	517	4.9	0.4	89.6
2011	1,174,420	5,802	886	4.9	0.8	152.7
2012	1,173,131	5,326	878	4.5	0.7	164.9
2013	1,171,179	5,467	1,052	4.7	0.9	192.4
2014	1,167,082	5,823	1,106	5.0	0.9	189.9
2015	1,162,164	5,895	1,143	5.1	1.0	193.9
2016	1,157,516	5,563	1,025	4.8	0.9	184.3
2017	1,153,017	5,954	985	5.2	0.9	165.4
2018	1,147,902	5,966	963	5.2	0.8	161.4
2019[37]	1,142,495	5,822	920	5.1	0.8	158.0

Brčko District

	Mid-year	Marriages	Divorces	Crude marriage rate (per 1,000)	Crude divorce rate (per 1,000)	Divorces per 1,000 marriages
1991	87,627	654	156	7.5	1.8	238.5
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002	84,360	644	58	7.6	0.7	90.1
2003	84,063	655	80	7.8	1.0	122.1
2004	83,766	782	30	9.3	0.4	38.4
2005	83,930	669	32	8.0	0.4	47.8
2006	84,100	673	89	8.0	1.1	132.2
2007	84,258	712	94	8.5	1.1	132.0
2008	84,233	680	82	8.1	1.0	120.6
2009	84,260	670	139	8.0	1.6	207.5
2010	83,995	618	154	7.4	1.8	249.2
2011	83,723	613	199	7.3	2.4	324.6
2012	83,516	703	236	8.4	2.8	335.7
2013	83,410	622	191	7.5	2.3	307.1
2014	83,309	663	251	8.0	3.0	378.6
2015	83,236	670	311	8.0	3.7	464.2
2016	83,254	653	289	7.8	3.5	442.6
2017	83,243	718	295	8.6	3.5	410.9
2018	83,234	632	298	7.6	3.6	471.5
2019	83,159	599	182	7.2	2.2	303.8

Life expectancy at birth in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Life expectancy in Bosnia and Herzegovina since 1950

Life expectancy in Bosnia and Herzegovina since 1960 by gender

Period	Life expectancy in Years[38]
1950-1955	53.67
1955-1960	58.46
1960-1965	61.93
1965-1970	64.73
1970-1975	67.57
1975-1980	69.87
1980-1985	70.72
1985-1990	71.95
1990-1995	70.13
1995-2000	73.61
2000-2005	74.81
2005-2010	75.53
2010-2015	76.53
2015-2020	77.18

Ethnic groups

Main articles: Ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina and National minorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina

According to data from the 2013 census published by the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosniaks constitute 50.11% of the population, Bosnian Serbs 30.78%, Bosnian Croats 15.43%, and others form 2.73%, with the remaining respondents not declaring their ethnicity or not answering.^[39]

The census results are contested by the Republika Srpska statistical office and by Bosnian Serb politicians,^[40] who oppose the inclusion of non-permanent Bosnian residents in the figures.^[41]

The European Union's statistics office, Eurostat, determined that the methodology used by the Bosnian statistical agency was in line with international recommendations.^[42]

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, religion is often linked to ethnicity, i.e. (with the exception of agnostics and atheists) most Bosniaks are Muslim, Serbs are Orthodox Christian, and Croats are Roman Catholic.

Population of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to ethnic group 1948-2013

Ethnic group	Census 1948		Census 1953		Census 1961		Census 1971		Census 1981		Census 1991		Census UNHCR 1996		Census 2013[43]		Change 1991–2013
	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Muslims/Bosniaks	788,403	30.7	891,800	31.3	842,248	25.7	1,482,430	39.6	1,629,924	39.5	1,902,956	43.48	1,805,910	46.1	1,769,592	50.11	-133,364	+6.63pp
Serbs	1,136,116	44.3	1,264,372	44.4	1,406,057	42.9	1,393,148	37.2	1,320,644	32.0	1,366,104	31.22	1,484,530	37.9	1,086,733	30.78	-279,371	-0.44pp
Croats	614,123	23.9	654,229	23.0	711,665	21.7	772,491	20.6	758,136	18.4	760,852	17.39	571,317	14.6	544,780	15.43	-216,072	-1.96pp
Yugoslavs					275,883	8.4	43,796	1.2	326,280	7.9	242,682	5.55			2,570	0.07
Montenegrins	3,094	0.1	7,336	0.3	12,828	0.4	13,021	0.3	14,114	0.3	10,071	0.23			1,883	0.05
Roma	442	0.0	2,297	0.1	588	0.0	1,456	0.0	7,251	0.2	8,864	0.20			12,583	0.36
Albanians					3,642	0.1	3,764	0.1	4,396	0.1	4,925	0.11			2,569	0.07
Others/undeclared	23,099	0.9	27,756	1.0	28,679	0.8	36,005	1	63,263	1.5	80,579	1.84	58,196	1.5	110,449	3.13
Total	2,565,277		2,847,790		3,277,948		3,746,111		4,124,008		4,377,033		3,919,953		3,531,159

• 
  Ethnic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
• 
  Ethnic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
• 
  Share of Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
• 
  Share of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
• 
  Share of Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

Languages

Bosnia's constitution does not specify any official languages;^[44][45][46] however, academics Hilary Footitt and Michael Kelly note that the Dayton Agreement states that it is "done in Bosnian, Croatian, English and Serbian", and they describe this as the "de facto recognition of three official languages" at the state level. The equal status of Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian was verified by the Constitutional Court in 2000.^[46] It ruled that the provisions of the Federation and Republika Srpska constitutions on language were incompatible with the state constitution, since they only recognised "Bosniak" and Croatian (in the case of the Federation) and Serbian (in the case of Republika Srpska) as official languages at the entity level.^{[citation needed]}

As a result, the wording of the entity constitutions was changed and all three languages were made official in both entities.^[46] The three languages are mutually intelligible and are also known collectively as Serbo-Croatian. Use of one of the three varieties has become a marker of ethnic identity.^[47] Michael Kelly and Catherine Baker argue: "The three official languages of today's Bosnian state...represent the symbolic assertion of national identity over the pragmatism of mutual intelligibility".^[48]

All standard varieties are based on the Ijekavian varieties of the Shtokavian dialect (non-standard spoken varieties including, beside Ijekavian, also Ikavian Shtokavian). Serbian and Bosnian are written in both Latin and Cyrillic (the latter predominantly using the Latin script), whereas Croatian is written only in Latin alphabet. There are also some speakers of Italian, German, Turkish and Ladino. Yugoslav Sign Language is used with Croatian and Serbian variants.^{[citation needed]}

According to the results of the 2013 census, 52.86% of the population consider their mother tongue to be Bosnian, 30.76% Serbian, 14.6% Croatian and 1.57% another language, with 0.21% not giving an answer.^[39]

• 
  Linguistic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
• 
  Linguistic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
• 
  Share of Bosnian in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
• 
  Share of Serbian in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
• 
  Share of Croatian in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

Religion

Main article: Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina

According to the 2013 census, 50.7% of the population identify religiously as Muslim, 30.75% as Serbian Orthodox Christian, 15.19% as Roman Catholic, 1.15% as other, 1.1% as agnostic or atheist, with the remainder not declaring their religion or not answering.^[39] A 2012 survey found that 47% of Bosnia's Muslims are non-denominational Muslims, while 45% follow Sunnism.^[49] In Bosnia and Herzegovina, religion is strongly linked to ethnicity.

• 
  Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1879
• 
  Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
• 
  Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
• 
  Share of Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
• 
  Share of Orthodox Christians in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
• 
  Share of Catholics in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

Demographic statistics

Main article: List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Population pyramid 2016

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population

3,378,821^[1]

Age structure

0-14 years: 13.18% (male 261,430/female 244,242)

15-24 years: 10.83% (male 214,319/female 201,214)

25-54 years: 44.52% (male 859,509/female 848,071)

55-64 years: 15.24% (male 284,415/female 300,168)

65 years and over: 16.22% (male 249,624/female 372,594) (2020 est.)

Median age

Total: 43.3 years

Male: 41.6 years

Female: 44.8 years (2020 est.)

Sex ratio

At birth: 1.07 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female

Total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate

Total: 5.32 deaths/1,000 live births

Male: 5.44 deaths/1,000 live births

Female: 5.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

Total population: 77.74 years

Male: 74.76 years

Female: 80.93 years (2021 est.)

HIV/AIDS

Adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2018)

People living with HIV/AIDS: Less than 500 (2018)

Deaths: less than 100 (2018)

Literacy

Definition: age 15 and over can read and write

Total population: 98.5%

Male: 99.5%

Female: 97.5% (2015 est.)

See also

• Demographic history of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Yugoslavia § Demographics
  • Demographics of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
  • Demographics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
• Demographics of Croatia
• Demographics of Montenegro
• Demographics of Serbia
• Exodus of Muslims from Serbia
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Republika Srpska
• Brčko District
• List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians

Religion:

• Islam in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Serbian Orthodox Church
• Roman Catholicism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Groups:

• Ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Roma in Bosnia and Herzegovina

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 This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2009 edition.)^{[dead link‍]}

External links

• Living standard measurement survey 2001