and Finland (from 1919 to 2000) exemplified early semi-presidentialsystems, the term "semi-presidential" was first introduced in 1959 in an article by journalist
separate branch of government. It may also be used by presidents in semi-presidentialsystems. Heads of state of parliamentary republics, largely ceremonial
has also been identified as semi-presidential. Executive power is exercised, within the framework of a multi-party system, by the president and the Government
mainly in parliamentary systems. Often a leader is both in presidentialsystems. Some states have semi-presidentialsystems, where the head of government