Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
French prince; founder of the House of Orléans / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Monsieur Philippe I, Duke of Orléans (21 September 1640 – 9 June 1701) was the younger son of King Louis XIII of France and Anne of Austria, and the younger brother of King Louis XIV. He was the founder of the House of Orléans, a cadet branch of the ruling House of Bourbon.
Philippe I | |
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Duke of Orléans | |
Born | Philippe, Duke of Anjou (1640-09-21)21 September 1640 Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Kingdom of France |
Died | 9 June 1701(1701-06-09) (aged 60) Château de Saint-Cloud, Kingdom of France |
Burial | 21 June 1701 Basilica of St Denis, France |
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Issue more... | |
House | Bourbon (by birth) Orléans (founder) |
Father | Louis XIII of France |
Mother | Anne of Austria |
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Styled Duke of Anjou from birth, Philippe became Duke of Orléans upon the death of his uncle Gaston in 1660. He was also granted the dukedoms of Valois, Chartres and Nemours. Known as le Petit Monsieur or simply Monsieur, Philippe was a distinguished military commander and took part in the War of Devolution and the Franco-Dutch War, the latter of which saw his victory over William of Orange at the Battle of Cassel. Through careful personal administration, he greatly augmented the fortunes of the House of Orléans, which rivalled that of the Bourbons.
Throughout his life, Philippe was open about his preference for male lovers, most notably the Chevalier de Lorraine, and freely acted with effeminacy. He married twice, first to Henrietta of England and then to Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate. Two of his daughters, Marie Louise and Anne Marie, became queens consort of Spain and Sardinia respectively, while his son Philippe II served as regent of France from 1715 to 1723.