Ottoman Army (1861–1922)
1861–1922 land warfare branch of the Ottoman Empire's military / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Ottoman Army was the army of the Ottoman Empire after the country was reorganized along modern western European lines during the Tanzimat modernization period. It operated during the decline and dissolution of the empire, which roughly occurred between 1861 (though some sources date back to 1842) and 1918, the end of World War I for the Ottomans. The Crimean War was the first war effort in which the modern army took part in, proving itself as a decent force. The last reorganization occurred during the Second Constitutional Era.[1]
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Modern Ottoman Army | |
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Turkish: Modern Osmanlı Ordusu | |
Active | 1842/1861 – 1922 |
Country | Ottoman Empire |
Allegiance | Ottoman Sultan |
Type | Army |
Size | ~3,156,000 est. (1914–1918) |
Garrison/HQ | Constantinople |
Engagements | World War I (Battle of Gallipoli and Siege of Kut), Arab Revolt, Tripolitanian War, Balkan Wars |
Commanders | |
Sultan | Mehmed V (World War I) |
Minister of War | Ismail Enver Pasha |
The uniforms of the modern army reflected the military uniforms of the western European countries who were the Ottoman army's principal advisors at the time. The Ottoman government considered adopting a Western-style headdress for all personnel within the army, but the fez was favoured as it was more suited to the postures of the Islamic ritual prayer.
French-style uniform and court dress were common during the early stage of the Tanzimat period. After the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, the Ottoman government searched for other role models, so German- and British-style uniforms became popular. During World War I, the officer uniforms were mainly based on those of the Ottoman's German allies.