National Party (Chile, 1857)

The National Party (Spanish: Partido Nacional) or Montt-Varist (Spanish: Monttvarista) was a Chilean political party formed in 1857 as a split from the Conservatives by the supporters of President Manuel Montt and Interior Minister Antonio Varas. The National Party had a liberal-conservative ideology and was primarily supported by middle-high businessmen, bankers and journalists.^[5] The Welsh-born Edwards family was a bigger financer of the party,^[6] along with the aristocratic Balmaceda, who was linked to the Liberal Party.^[7] The party never was more than an influential third party, and since the late 1910s its influences declined considerably, stopping from participating to national elections after 1924, finally merging into the United Liberal Party in 1933.^[1] The monttvarista National Party is not to be confused with the National Party formed in 1966.

National Party Partido Nacional
Leader	Manuel Montt Antonio Varas José Joaquín Pérez Agustín Edwards Pedro Montt
Founded	29 December 1857 (1857-12-29)
Dissolved	1925 (1925) (de facto) 1930 (1930) (de jure)
Split from	Conservatives
Merged into	United Liberal Party
Ideology	Secularism[1][2] Liberal conservatism[2][3] Economic liberalism[4]
Political position	Centre-right
Politics of Chile Political parties Elections

Electoral history

Presidential election

Election year	Candidate	Votes		Results
		# Votes	% Votes
1856	Manuel Montt	207	99.1%	Won
1861	José Joaquín Pérez	214	100%	Won
1866	José Joaquín Pérez	191	88.0%	Won
1871	José Tomás Urmeneta	58	20.4%	Lost
1876	Not contested			Lost
1881	Not contested			Lost
1886	José Francisco Vergara[lower-alpha 1]	6	1.8%	Lost
1891	Not contested			Lost
1896	Federico Errázuriz Jr.[lower-alpha 2]	137	55.5%	Won
1901	Pedro Montt	83	31.1%	Lost
1906	Pedro Montt	164	62.6%	Won
1910	Ramón Barros[lower-alpha 3]	268	100%	Won
1915	Juan Luis Sanfuentes[lower-alpha 4]	77	50.1%	Won
1920	Luis Barros Borgoño[lower-alpha 5]	175	50.1%	Lost
1925	Not contested			Lost
1927	Not contested			Lost

Congress election

Election year	Chamber of Deputies			Senate			Status
	# Votes	% Votes	Seats	# Votes	% Votes	Seats
1864	N/A[8]	25.0%	18 / 72				Minority
1867	N/A[8]	8.3%	6 / 72				Minority
1870	N/A[8]	15.3%	11 / 72				Minority
1873	N/A[8]	5.6%	4 / 72				Minority
1876	N/A[8]	11.1%	12 / 108				Minority
1879	N/A[8]	11.1%	12 / 108				Minority
1882	N/A[8]	13.0%	14 / 108				Minority
1885	N/A[8]	14.2%	16 / 113				Minority
1888	N/A[8]	15.9%	18 / 113				Minority
1891	1,196[9]	1.5%	1 / 94				Minority
1894	455[9]	0.4%	0 / 94				Minority
1897	7,692[9]	5.6%	4 / 94				Minority
1900	8,916[9]	6.0%	6 / 94				Minority
1903	Not contested[9]						Minority
1906	24,169[9]	12.5%	11 / 94				Minority
1909	38,341[9]	17.0%	16 / 94				Minority
1912	35,243[9]	14.2%	10 / 118				Minority
1915	14,530	9.7%	29 / 118	N/A[9]	10.5%	2 / 19	Minority
1918	18,526	9.1%	10 / 118	N/A[9]	7.7%	1 / 13	Minority
1921	8,097	2.7%	4 / 118	N/A[9]		2 / 13	Minority
1924	6,400	3.1%	3 / 118	N/A[9]		3 / 13	Minority

See also

• Category:National Party (Chile, 1857) politicians

Notes

1. Official candidate for the Radical Party.
2. Candidate for the Liberal Party (conservative wing).
3. Official candidate for the Liberal Party, elected by unanimity.
4. Official candidate for the Liberal Democratic Party, supported by the Coalición.
5. Candidate for the Liberal Party (conservative wing), supported by the National Union.

References

1. Bizzarro, Salvatore (2017). Rowman & Littlefield (ed.). Historical Dictionary of Chile. p. 653. ISBN 9781442276352.
2. Cristi, Renato; Ruiz, Carlos (2015). Editorial Universitaria de Chile (ed.). El pensamiento conservador en Chile: Seis ensayos (in Spanish). p. 180. ISBN 9789561124882.
3. Sierra, Santiago; Wu Brading, Celio (1995). Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (ed.). La diplomacia mexicana en América del Sur y la Guerra del Pacífico 1878-1879 (in Spanish). p. 49. ISBN 9789688105108.
4. Salazar Vergara, Gabriel (2014). Penguin Random House (ed.). Mercaderes, empresarios y capitalistas: Chile, siglo XIX (in Spanish). ISBN 9789562624145.
5. Villabos, Sergio R. (2001). Editorial Universitaria (ed.). Chile y su historia (in Spanish). p. 316. ISBN 9789561115293.
6. Vial Correa, Gonzalo (2009). El Mercurio (ed.). Agustín Edwards Mac Clure: periodista, diplomático y político : los cuarenta primeros años del siglo XX chileno (in Spanish). p. 96. ISBN 9789562396875.
7. Ramírez Necochea, Hernán; Pinto Vallejos, Julio (2007). LOM (ed.). Obras escogidas: Balmaceda y la contrarevolución de 1891 ; Historia del movimiento obrero en Chile (in Spanish). p. 121. ISBN 9789562828857.
8. Heise, Julio (1982). Editorial Universitaria (ed.). El Periodo parlamentario 1861-1925. Democracia y gobierno representativo en el periodo parlamentario (in Spanish). Vol. II. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
9. Urzúa Valenzuela, Germán (1992). Editorial Jurídica de Chile (ed.). Historia política de Chile y su evolución electoral desde 1810 a 1992 (in Spanish). pp. 379–385.