Mycophenolic acid
Immunosuppressant medication / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Mycophenolic acid is an immunosuppressant medication used to prevent rejection following organ transplantation and to treat autoimmune conditions such as Crohn's disease and lupus.[12][13] Specifically it is used following kidney, heart, and liver transplantation.[13] It can be given by mouth or by injection into a vein.[13] It comes as mycophenolate sodium and mycophenolate mofetil.[13]
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Pronunciation | /ˌmaɪkoʊfɪˈnɒlɪk/ |
Trade names | Cellcept, Myfortic, Myhibbin, others |
Other names | MPA, Mycophenolate sodium, Mycophenolate mofetil (AAN AU), Mycophenolate mofetil (USAN US) |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a601081 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous[2] |
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Bioavailability | 72% (sodium), 94% (mofetil)[11] |
Protein binding | 82–97%[11] |
Metabolism | Liver[11] |
Elimination half-life | 17.9±6.5 hours[11] |
Excretion | Urine (93%), faeces (6%)[11] |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.041.912 |
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Formula | C17H20O6 |
Molar mass | 320.341 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include nausea, infections, and diarrhea.[13] Other serious side effects include an increased risk of cancer, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, anemia, and gastrointestinal bleeding.[13] Use during pregnancy may harm the baby.[13] It works by blocking inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), which is needed by lymphocytes to make guanosine.[13]
Mycophenolic acid was initially discovered by Italian Bartolomeo Gosio in 1893.[14][15] It was rediscovered in 1945 and 1968.[15] It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1995 following the discovery of its immunosuppressive properties in the 1990s.[13][14] It is available as a generic medication.[16] In 2020, it was the 313th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 900 thousand prescriptions.[17]