Military campaigns of Julius Caesar
Caesar's military campaigns of 58–50 and 49–45 BC / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The military campaigns of Julius Caesar were a series of wars that reshaped the political landscape of the Roman Republic, expanded its territories, and ultimately paved the way for the transition from republic to empire. The wars constituted both the Gallic Wars (58 BC–51 BC) and Caesar's civil war (49 BC–45 BC).
Gaius Julius Caesar | |
---|---|
Born | 12 July 100 BC Rome, Italia |
Died | 15 March 44 BC (aged 55) Rome, Italia |
Allegiance | Rome Caesarians |
Service/ | Roman army |
Years of service | 81-47 BC |
Battles/wars | |
Awards | Civic Crown Triumph |
The Gallic Wars principally took place in the region of Gaul, or what is now modern-day France. These campaigns, starting with the Battle of the Arar (Saône) River, were conducted between 58 and 50 BC. Caesar faced formidable resistance from Gallic chieftains such as Vercingetorix. Despite numerous challenges, Caesar and his legions managed to conquer the territories and incorporate them into the Roman Republic. During the campaigns in 55 and 54 BC, Caesar invaded Britain, marking the first Roman expeditions to the island. These campaigns were characterized by fierce battles against various Celtic tribes. The Gallic War ended with Roman victory at the Battle of Alesia.
During the Civil War, Caesar pursued his rivals to Greece, where he engaged in a series of decisive confrontations, and solidified Roman control over the Eastern Mediterranean. These battles, notably the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC, marked significant turning points in the conflict, ultimately leading to Caesar's triumph over the forces of Pompey the Great.
He proceeded to Egypt, where he emerged victorious against the Egyptian pharaoh, facilitating the ascension of Cleopatra to the throne. He then went on to subdue his Roman opponents in Africa and Hispania. Once his campaigns were concluded, he served as Roman dictator until his assassination on 15 March 44 BC.
These wars were critically important in the transition of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.