Fernando d'Ávalos
15/16th-century Italian mercenary / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Fernando Francesco d'Ávalos, 5th Marquess of Pescara (or Ferrante Francesco d'Ávalos); Spanish: Francisco Fernando de Ávalos,[1] (11 November 1489 – 3 December 1525), was an Italian condottiero of Aragonese (Spanish) origin. He was an important figure of the Italian Wars: in the Battle of Ravenna in 1512, he was taken prisoner by the French but was released at the conclusion of the War of the League of Cambrai, after which he became a chief commander of the Habsburg armies of Charles V in Italy during the Habsburg-Valois Wars. He was instrumental to the victories over the French at Bicocca and Pavia thanks to his ordered usage of arquebusiers. He is proposed as an early innovator of volley fire in early modern warfare, setting the base for the European reforms of the 16th century.[2][3]