Mactan–Cebu International Airport

"Cebu Airport" redirects here. For the old airport, see Lahug Airport.

For the military use of this facility, see Mactan–Benito Ebuen Air Base.

Mactan–Cebu International Airport (MCIA) (IATA: CEB, ICAO: RPVM) is the main international airport serving Metro Cebu and serves as the main gateway to the Central Visayas region in the Philippines. Located on a 797-hectare (1,970-acre) site in Lapu-Lapu City on Mactan, it is the second busiest airport in the Philippines.^[3] Opened on April 27, 1966, the airport serves as a hub for Philippine Airlines, and as an operating base for Cebu Pacific, Philippines AirAsia, and Sunlight Air.

Mactan–Cebu International Airport Tugpahanang Pangkalibutanon sa Mactan–Sugbo Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Mactan–Cebu
IATA: CEB ICAO: RPVM WMO: 98646
Summary
Airport type	Public
Owner	Mactan–Cebu International Airport Authority
Operator	Aboitiz InfraCapital Inc.
Serves	Cebu
Location	Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu, Philippines
Opened	April 27, 1966; 58 years ago (1966-04-27)
Hub for	PAL Express Philippine Airlines
Operating base for	Cebgo Cebu Pacific Sunlight Air
Time zone	PHT (UTC+08:00)
Elevation AMSL	9 m / 31 ft
Coordinates	10°18′26″N 123°58′44″E
Website	www.mactancebuairport.com
Maps
CEB / RPVM Show map of Metro Cebu CEB / RPVM Show map of Visayas CEB / RPVM Show map of Philippines
Runways
Direction Length Surface m ft 04L/22R[1][a] 2,560 8,400 Concrete 04R/22L 3,300 10,827 Asphalt
Statistics (2023)
Passengers 10,050,340 80.75% Aircraft movements 89,712 63.12% Cargo (in kg) 58,011,469 2.50%
Emergency use only Source: MCIAA[2]

The airport is managed by the Mactan–Cebu International Airport Authority and operated by the GMR–Megawide Cebu Airport Corporation.

History

Early years

The runway was built by the United States Air Force in 1956 as an emergency airport for Strategic Air Command bombers. It was known back then as the Mactan Air Base.^[4] It remained a spartan outpost until the Vietnam War in the 1960s when it became a base for a C-130 unit of the U.S. Air Force.^[4]

Commercial operations started on April 27, 1966^[5] for domestic flights. It replaced the now closed Lahug Airport (now the site of Cebu IT Park) which could no longer be expanded due to safety and physical problems. International charter flights later commenced in 1978.^[6]

On July 31, 1990, Republic Act No. 6958 was approved, which created and established the Mactan–Cebu International Airport Authority (MCIAA). The law transferred the existing assets and operations of Mactan–Cebu International Airport and Lahug Airport to the newly created MCIAA.^[7]

Expansion

Plans for a new terminal were laid as early as 2005, but the expansion of the existing terminal was instead pursued. By 2009, the airport handled 4.8 million passengers, way beyond the capacity of 4.5 million. By 2017, the airport handled more than ten million passengers.^[6]

The expansion of the airport was included on the list of big-ticket public-private partnership (PPP) projects as part of the PPP infrastructure program that was launched in 2010. Bidding was opened in 2012.^[6] On April 23, 2014, the Department of Transportation and Communications awarded the operations and maintenance of MCIA to a consortium of the Philippine Megawide Construction Corporation and Bangalore-based GMR Infrastructure. The consortium won with a bid of ₱17.5 billion. MCIAA handed over the operations and maintenance of the airport to the private consortium on November 1, 2014.^[8][9][10]

On June 29, 2015, President Benigno Aquino III led the ground-breaking rites at the site of the old Philippine Air Force base in Lapu-Lapu City which had been demolished to give way for the Terminal 2 construction.^[11] Construction of Terminal 2 began on January 22, 2016.^[12] On June 7, 2018, Terminal 2 was inaugurated by President Rodrigo Duterte,^[13][14] with the terminal being operational on July 1.

On May 5, 2021, the second taxiway and expanded apron of the airport was inaugurated.^[15]

Contemporary history

Following Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda), one of the biggest typhoons ever recorded and one of the most destructive typhoons in the Philippines, the airport was used as a center for air operations for the relief effort. The airport is centrally located in the Visayas which was the region most affected by the storm, especially the Eastern Visayas islands of Leyte and Samar. The Cebu airport was relatively unaffected by the storm while the airports of the Eastern Visayas were unusable immediately after.^[16]

On November 12, 2013, the world's longest and heaviest aircraft, the Antonov An-225 Mriya, landed at MCIA from the Zagreb International Airport in Croatia for the first time in the Philippines. It delivered a 180-ton replacement transformer from the Croatian energy company KONČAR for the First Gen Corporation's power plant in Batangas City. Officials of First Gen approached MCIAA General Manager Nigel Paul Villarete to allow the Antonov An-225 to utilize the airport for the transportation of their delivery after officials from Clark International Airport, Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Manila, and Subic Bay International Airport refused to allow the aircraft to utilize their airports.^[17] According to First Gen President Francis Giles Puno, MCIA had been inspected by Antonov Airlines, the owner of the Antonov An-225 aircraft, as the most viable option for their aircraft, "after considering the combination of airport, onward land transport and sea freight."^[18]

Philippine Airlines offered non-stop flights to Los Angeles, the longest route from MCIA, from March 2016 to May 2017.^[19]

On August 27, 2018, on the occasion of National Heroes Day, President Duterte expressed support for renaming the airport after Mactan chieftain Lapu-Lapu whose forces killed Ferdinand Magellan during the Battle of Mactan in 1521.^[20]

On December 16, 2021, the airport was closed indefinitely after sustaining heavy damage from Typhoon Rai (Odette) before resuming operations on December 19 under a new layout that integrates both terminals together since the domestic terminal sustained the most damage, while the international terminal only suffered minor damage.^[21]

On September 2, 2022, Aboitiz purchased a 33.33% stake on GMR–Megawide Cebu Airport Corporation for ₱25 billion. In turn, GMR–Megawide issued ₱15 billion worth of exchangeable bonds in exchange for the remaining shares in GMCAC.^[22] On October 30, 2024, it fully acquired GMCAC for ₱7.76 billion, thereby completely taking over the operations of MCIA.^[23]

Future development

On May 22, 2017, Mactan–Cebu International Airport Authority (MCIAA) passed a resolution approving the proposal to start the construction of a second runway, which was proposed by Rep. Raul del Mar of Cebu. Del Mar proposed that the construction of the second runway be funded using P4.9- billion sourced from the P14.4 billion premium given by the GMCAC when it won the bid to develop and manage the MCIA terminal. Once completed, the second runway will be adjacent to the existing first runway and will enable simultaneous runway operations.^[24]

The groundbreaking ceremony of the second runway was held on January 14, 2020.^[25]

Terminals

Mactan–Cebu International Airport has two passenger terminals, with plans laid in 2019 for another terminal.^[26]

Passenger terminal infrastructure

Terminal	Opened	Floor area	Handling capacity	Parking bays
Terminal 1	1990	38,525 m2 (414,680 sq ft)	11.7 million passengers per year	6 (aerobridge) 12 (remote)
Terminal 2	July 1, 2018	65,500 m2 (705,000 sq ft)	8 million passengers per year	7 (aerobridge) 5 (remote)
Total	—	104,025 m2 (1,119,720 sq ft)	19.7 million passengers per year	13 (aerobridge) 17 (remote)

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 in 2018

Terminal 1, which was built in 1990, serves as the airport's domestic terminal. Prior to the completion and opening of Terminal 2, it housed both domestic and international operations and prior to its expansion, had an annual capacity of 4.5 million passengers,^[27] before being increased to eight million following minor renovations from 2015 to 2016.^[28]

The terminal has a floor area of 38,525 square meters (414,680 sq ft). It has six jet bridges and twelve remote parking spaces for aircraft. There are six baggage conveyor belts in the baggage claim area.^[27]

GMR–Megawide Cebu Airport Corporation announced a two-phase renovation of Terminal 1 in December 2018 as part of its ₱17 billion investment to improve the terminals.^[28] The renovation involved the expansion of the pre-departure area and improved flight information displays.^[27] Manila-based architectural firm Budji + Royal Architecture + Design handled the renovation of the terminal, which was based on a resort-type design. One of its features is the Airport Village, which merges the arrival and departure areas to allow passengers to mingle within the airport. To facilitate its construction, the arrivals road was permanently closed. Renovations began in March 2019.^[29] President Rodrigo Duterte inaugurated the newly rehabilitated Terminal 1 on January 19, 2020, increasing its capacity to 11.7 million passengers.^[30]

Terminal 2

Interior of Terminal 2 in 2019

Exterior of Terminal 2

Terminal 2 is the newest airport terminal and has an annual capacity of eight million passengers.^[31] Construction began on January 22, 2016, and was inaugurated by President Rodrigo Duterte on June 7, 2018, before opening to passengers on July 1.^[13]

Integrated Design Associates designed the terminal with European timber arches from Austria that look like an inverted boat hull, and a wave-like roof that evokes a tropical and resort-like feel.^[32] It represents the sea waves that surrounds the island of Cebu. Terminal 2 won an award for the category "Completed Buildings – Transport" at the World Architecture Festival in 2019.^[33][34]

Occupying an area of 65,500 square meters (705,000 sq ft), the terminal has four check-in halls with 48 check-in counters in the departures area expandable to 72, seven jet bridges expandable to 12, 12 escalators, 15 elevators, duty-free shops, and a departure lobby.^[27] The terminal's modular design allows for progressive expansion, with a fundamental building block structured for maximum adaptability to future development. Terminal 2 is exclusive only for international flights. However, due to the aftermath of Typhoon Odette, it was used for both domestic and international flights from January 16, 2022, until most parts of Terminal 1 were fully repaired by June.^[35][36][37]

Structure

Runways

The airport has a 3,300-meter (10,800 ft) main runway (Runway 04R/22L) with a width of 45 meters (148 ft) that was built by the United States in 1956 as an emergency airport for U.S. Air Forces' Strategic Air Command bombers and was known as Mactan Air Base.^[4] The runway is complemented by a full-length taxiway that it shares with the current Mactan Air Base of the Philippine Air Force.

The second runway (Runway 04L/22R) started construction in January 2020.^[25] It is 2,560 meters (8,400 ft) long and 45 meters (148 ft) wide.^[1] It was completed in January 2024. The runway serves as an emergency runway in case of major situations concerning the main runway.^[38][39]

Other structures

The airport has other government buildings like the two-level CAAP Administration Building and the six-level MCIAA Corporate Building, both located within the airport complex.^[15][40] The parking area outside the terminals has a total capacity of 750 cars.^[27]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Airlines	Destinations
Aero K	Cheongju[41]
AirSWIFT	El Nido
Asiana Airlines	Seoul–Incheon
Cathay Pacific	Hong Kong
Cebgo	Bacolod, Busuanga, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Calbayog, Camiguin, Caticlan, Clark, Davao, Dipolog, Dumaguete, General Santos, Iloilo, Legazpi, Manila, Masbate, Ozamiz, Pagadian, San Vicente,[42] Siargao, Surigao, Tacloban, Zamboanga
Cebu Pacific	Bangkok–Don Mueang,[43] Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Caticlan, Clark, Davao, Dipolog, General Santos, Hong Kong, Iloilo, Manila, Osaka–Kansai,[44] Pagadian, Puerto Princesa, Seoul–Incheon, Singapore, Tokyo–Narita, Zamboanga
China Airlines	Taipei–Taoyuan
China Eastern Airlines	Shanghai–Pudong
Emirates	Dubai–International[a]
EVA Air	Taipei–Taoyuan
Jeju Air	Busan, Daegu, Seoul–Incheon
Jin Air	Busan, Seoul–Incheon
Korean Air	Seoul–Incheon
Leading Edge	Bantayan, Bislig, Zamboanga
PAL Express	Bacolod, Borongan, Busuanga, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Caticlan, Clark, Cotabato, Davao, General Santos, Iloilo, Legazpi, Manila, Ozamiz, Puerto Princesa, Siargao, Tacloban, Zamboanga
Philippine Airlines	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Davao, Manila, Osaka–Kansai (resumes December 22, 2024),[45] Puerto Princesa, Seoul–Incheon (resumes December 21, 2024),[46] Tokyo–Narita
Philippines AirAsia	Manila
Qatar Airways	Doha[b]
Scoot	Singapore
Singapore Airlines	Singapore
Starlux Airlines	Taipei–Taoyuan
Sunlight Air	Busuanga, Cagayan de Oro, Caticlan, Iloilo, Manila, Siargao
Turkish Airlines	Seasonal: Istanbul[47][c]
T'way Air	Seoul–Incheon
United Airlines	Tokyo–Narita[48][d]

Notes

1. Emirates flights make an intermediate stop in Clark en route to the listed destination. However, the airline has no cabotage rights to carry passengers solely between Cebu and Clark.
2. Qatar Airways flights make another stop in Davao right after Cebu. However, the airline has no cabotage rights to carry passengers solely between Cebu and Davao.
3. Turkish Airlines flights make an intermediate stop in Manila en route to the listed destination. However, the airline has no cabotage rights to carry passengers solely between Cebu and Manila.
4. United Airlines flights continue to Los Angeles with the same flight number. However, there is an aircraft swap at the listed destination, switching from a Boeing 737 to a Boeing 787.

Cargo

Airlines	Destinations
Air Hong Kong	Hong Kong[49]
SEAir International	Clark[50]
Skyway Airlines[51]	Clark, Davao

Statistics

Terminal 1's former departure waiting area

Former exterior of Terminal 1

Data from the Mactan–Cebu International Airport Authority (MCIAA).^[2][52]

Year Passenger movements Aircraft movements Cargo movements (in kg) Domestic International Total  % change Domestic International Total  % change Domestic International Total  % change 1991 1,401,671 57,988 1,459,659 22,495 786 23,281 22,704,044 577,966 23,282,010 1992 1,592,173 97,842 1,690,015 15.78 22,638 919 23,557 1.19 24,157,026 1,914,630 26,071,656 11.98 1993 1,635,779 172,966 1,808,745 7.03 18,401 1,508 19,909 15.49 28,782,759 739,662 29,522,421 13.24 1994 1,714,104 244,602 1,958,706 8.29 18,191 2,109 20,300 1.96 35,487,442 1,106,365 36,593,807 23.95 1995 1,841,904 307,203 2,149,107 9.72% 18,854 2,565 21,419 5.51 34,094,876 6,837,271 40,932,147 11.86 1996 2,047,966 354,818 2,402,784 11.80 21,136 3,079 24,215 13.05 38,506,657 10,862,813 49,369,470 20.61 1997 2,331,431 387,190 2,718,621 13.14 23,537 3,398 26,935 11.23 40,635,709 12,082,148 52,717,857 6.78 1998 1,759,141 312,663 2,071,804 23.79 18,281 3,022 21,303 20.91 28,087,092 18,598,134 46,685,226 11.44 1999 1,912,107 384,047 2,296,154 10.83 21,936 3,986 25,922 21.68 26,458,875 19,189,755 45,648,630 2.22 2000 1,889,114 403,735 2,292,849 0.14 20,691 3,509 24,200 6.64 34,271,494 22,326,355 56,597,849 23.99 2001 1,855,363 397,370 2,252,733 1.75 24,304 4,140 28,444 17.54 32,985,484 19,712,628 52,698,112 6.89 2002 1,709,259 425,957 2,135,216 5.22 24,366 3,601 27,967 1.68 26,603,917 19,840,629 46,444,546 11.87 2003 1,850,453 422,329 2,272,782 6.44 24,488 3,886 28,374 1.46 30,048,371 19,428,129 49,476,500 6.53 2004 2,033,556 578,206 2,611,762 14.91 23,837 4,261 28,098 0.97 37,985,572 19,678,009 57,663,581 16.55 2005 2,106,380 672,284 2,778,664 6.39 22,444 4,653 27,097 3.56 34,851,582 17,343,810 52,195,392 9.48 2006 2,291,952 778,210 3,070,162 10.49 22,128 5,621 27,749 2.41 31,851,644 18,773,805 50,625,449 3.01 2007 2,765,523 965,977 3,731,500 21.54 24,004 7,373 31,377 13.07 34,274,471 19,198,453 53,472,924 5.62 2008 2,997,161 994,089 3,991,250 6.96 27,205 7,619 34,824 10.99 31,504,729 17,435,687 48,940,416 8.48 2009 3,841,990 920,913 4,762,903 19.33 37,328 7,011 44,339 27.32 31,248,525 14,610,526 45,859,051 6.30 2010 4,206,651 1,206,801 5,413,452 13.66 39,470 7,907 47,377 6.85 36,191,069 18,686,898 54,877,967 19.67 2011 4,748,333 1,467,613 6,215,946 14.82 44,300 9,509 53,809 13.58 36,511,394 15,271,651 51,783,045 5.64 2012 5,257,941 1,513,377 6,771,318 8.93 49,242 9,646 58,888 9.44 43,415,209 13,558,398 56,973,607 10.02 2013 5,369,929 1,626,183 6,996,112 3.32 53,954 10,991 64,945 10.29 46,548,042 15,186,420 61,734,462 8.36 2014 5,160,109 1,679,740 6,839,849 2.23 44,651 11,630 56,281 13.34 39,081,696 15,048,599 54,130,295 12.32 2015 5,769,104 2,012,135 7,781,239 13.76 48,850 13,363 62,213 10.54 65,378,724 19,353,499 84,732,223 56.53 2016 6,334,283 2,436,355 8,770,638 12.72 55,804 15,739 71,543 15.00 49,976,828 16,947,007 66,923,835 21.02 2017 6,904,978 3,145,962 10,050,940 14.60 65,310 21,070 86,380 20.74 55,340,945 17,974,165 73,315,110 9.55 2018 7,611,398 3,788,489 11,377,887 13.20 75,010 25,439 100,449 16.29 62,817,080 19,240,760 82,057,840 11.92 2019 8,370,466 4,291,589 12,662,055 11.29 79,282 28,512 107,794 7.31 58,664,442 17,906,524 76,570,966 6.69 2020 1,939,845 806,331 2,746,176 78.31 22,707 6,780 29,487 72.65 29,446,858 14,392,812 43,839,670 42.75 2021 1,163,960 167,571 1,331,531 51.51 14,900 2,897 17,797 39.64 30,424,637 24,632,353 55,056,990 25.59 2022 4,870,471 689,787 5,560,258 317.58 48,470 6,527 54,997 209.02 32,098,134 24,497,907 56,596,041 2.80 2023 7,537,756 2,512,584 10,050,340 80.75 72,757 16,955 89,712 63.12 39,694,942 18,316,527 58,011,469 2.50

Accidents and incidents

• On October 23, 2022, Korean Air Flight 631, an Airbus A330-300 with registration HL7525 originating from Seoul, overshot the runway after two landing attempts, shortly after landing in stormy weather. No injuries were reported, but the airplane was damaged beyond repair.^[53]

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External links

Media related to Mactan-Cebu International Airport at Wikimedia Commons

• Mactan–Cebu International Airport
• Mactan–Cebu International Airport Authority
• Mactan Cebu International Airport – flight status and updates for travellers to and from Cebu
• Current weather for RPVM at NOAA/NWS
• Airport information for CEB / RPVM at Great Circle Mapper. Source: DAFIF (effective October 2006).
• Accident history for CEB / RPVM at Aviation Safety Network