MAP kinase kinase kinase
Class of enzymes / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Mitogen Activated Protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK,[1] MKKK,[2] M3K,[3] or, MAP3K[4]) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase which acts upon MAP kinase kinase. Subsequently, MAP kinase kinase activates MAP kinase. Several types of MAPKKK can exist but are mainly characterized by the MAP kinases they activate. MAPKKKs are stimulated by a large range of stimuli, primarily environmental and intracellular stressors. MAPKKK is responsible for various cell functions such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. The duration and intensity of signals determine which pathway ensues. Additionally, the use of protein scaffolds helps to place the MAPKKK in close proximity with its substrate to allow for a reaction.[5] Lastly, because MAPKKK is involved in a series of several pathways, it has been used as a therapeutic target for cancer, amyloidosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. In humans, there are at least 19 genes which encode MAP kinase kinase kinases:
- MAP3K1 (aka MEKK1)
- MAP3K2 (aka MEKK2)
- MAP3K3 (aka MEKK3)
- MAP3K4 (aka MEKK4)
- MAP3K5 (aka ASK1)
- MAP3K6 (aka ASK2)
- MAP3K7 (aka MEKK7) (aka TAK1)
- MAP3K8 (aka TPL2 or Tpl2)
- MAP3K9
- MAP3K10
- MAP3K11 (aka MEKK11) (aka MLK3)
- MAP3K12 (aka MUK)
- MAP3K13 (aka LZK)
- MAP3K14
- MAP3K15
- MAP3K16 (aka TAO1 or TAOK1)
- MAP3K17 (aka TAO2 or TAOK2)
- MAP3K18 (aka TAO3 or TAOK3)[6][7][8]
- RAF1
- BRAF
- ARAF
- ZAK (aka MLTK)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase | |||||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||||
EC no. | 2.7.11.25 | ||||||||
CAS no. | 146702-84-3 | ||||||||
Databases | |||||||||
IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
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