Livedoid vasculopathy
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Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is an uncommon thrombotic dermal vasculopathy that is characterized by excruciating, recurrent ulcers on the lower limbs.[4] Livedo racemosa, a painful ulceration in the distal regions of the lower extremities, is the characteristic clinical appearance. It heals to form porcelain-white, atrophic scars, also known as Atrophie blanche.[5]
Livedoid vasculopathy | |
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Other names | Livedoid vasculitis, Livedo reticularis with summer/winter ulceration , Segmental hyalinizing vasculitis.[1] |
Livedoid Vasculopathy ulcer at the ankle. | |
Specialty | Dermatology |
Symptoms | Livedoid changes, atrophie blanche, and uclers.[2] |
Risk factors | Antiphospholipid antibodies, thrombosis-predisposing genetic disorders, and paraproteinemias.[2] |
Diagnostic method | Histopathology.[2] |
Differential diagnosis | Chronic venous disease, peripheral vascular disease, and vasculitis.[2] |
Treatment | Pain management, wound care, smoking cessation, compression, antiplatelet agent, and anticoagulants.[2] |
Frequency | 1 in 1,00,000 per year.[3] |
Livedoid vasculopathy has been linked to various conditions that can induce hypercoagulability, including neoplasms, autoimmune connective-tissue diseases, and inherited and acquired thrombophilias.[5]
The history, clinical findings, and histopathological analysis are combined to make the diagnosis.[5]
Prompt and suitable intervention mitigates discomfort and averts the formation of wounds and additional complications. In addition to general supportive measures, anticoagulants and antiplatelet medications can be considered the first-line treatments.[6]