Julia's ground snake

Julia's ground snake (Erythrolamprus juliae) is a species of snake in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The species is found in the Caribbean, on the Lesser Antilles islands of Dominica and Guadeloupe. There are three subspecies.

Julia's ground snake
In Rosalie, Dominica
Conservation status
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Colubridae
Subfamily:	Dipsadinae
Genus:	Erythrolamprus
Species:	E. juliae
Binomial name
Erythrolamprus juliae (Cope, 1879)
Synonyms[2]
Aporophis juliae Cope, 1879 Acrophis juliae — Cope, 1879 Dromicus juliae — Garman, 1887 Liophis juliae — Günther, 1888 Leimadophis mariae Barbour, 1914 Erythrolamprus juliae — Grazziotin et al., 2012 Liophis juliae — Wallach, 2014

Etymology

The specific name, juliae, is in honor of Julia Cope Collins (1866–1959), who was the only child of American herpetologist Edward Drinker Cope, the describer of this species.^[3]

Classification

Erythrolamprus juliae belongs to the genus Erythrolamprus, which contains over 50 species. The genus Erythrolamprus belongs to the subfamily Dipsadinae, which is sometimes referred to as the family Dipsadidae. The relationships of Erythrolamprus species located in northern South America can be shown in the cladogram below, based on molecular DNA analysis:^[4]

	E. poecilogyrus (paraphyletic)       E. ceii E. poecilogyrus (paraphyletic)
	E. miliaris E. miliaris             E. typhlus (Brazil) (paraphyletic)       E. reginae (paraphyletic)       E. reginae (paraphyletic) E. zweifeli E. breviceps E. epinephalus (Peru) (paraphyletic)             E. epinephalus (Costa Rica) (paraphyletic) E. pseudoreginae E. melanotus       E. atraventer       E. jaegeri E. almadensis       Erythrolamprus juliae E. cursor E. typhlus (French Guiana) (paraphyletic) E. cobella             E. aesculapii (Brazil) (paraphyletic) E. ocellatus E. aesculapii (French Guiana & Guyana) (paraphyletic)       E. bizona E. mimus

Subspecies

The following three subspecies have been described.^[2]

• Erythrolamprus juliae copeae (Parker, 1936)
• Erythrolamprus juliae juliae (Cope, 1879)
• Erythrolamprus juliae mariae (Barbour, 1914)

The nominate subspecies, E. j. juliae, is endemic to Dominica, where it may be found everywhere but the highest elevations. E. j. copeae is found on numerous islands in the Guadeloupean archipelago, while E. j. mariae is restricted to the Guadeloupean island of Marie-Galante.^[2]

The relative rareness of this species in Guadeloupe is attributed to the presence of the mongoose, which is absent from Dominica.^[1]

Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Erythrolamprus.

Description

E. juliae can reach half a meter (20 inches) in total length (including tail). Its coloration is typically white or yellowish flecks on a glossy dark ground color, but some individuals are uniformly dark.^{[citation needed]}

Diet

Julia's ground snake preys upon insects, frogs, and lizards.^[1]

Defensive behavior

E. juliae is harmless to humans, but may release a foul-smelling cloacal secretion if provoked.^{[citation needed]}

References

1. Dewynter M, Daltry JC, Powell R, Gomès R (2017). "Erythrolamprus juliae". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T50956167A50956204. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/50956167/50956204 Downloaded on 02 October 2018.
2. Species Erythrolamprus juliae at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
3. Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Liophis juliae, p. 137).
4. Murphy, John C.; Braswell, Alvin L.; Charles, Stevland P.; Auguste, Renoir J.; Rivas, Gilson A.; Borzée, Amaël; Lehtinen, Richard M.; Jowers, Michael J. (2019). "A new species of Erythrolamprus from the oceanic island of Tobago (Squamata, Dipsadidae)". ZooKeys (817): 131–157. doi:10.3897/zookeys.817.30811.

Further reading

• Barbour T (1914). "A Contribution to the Zoögeography of the West Indies, with Especial Reference to Amphibians and Reptiles". Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy 44 (2): 205-359 + one plate. (Leimadophis mariae, new species, p. 340).
• Cope ED (1879). "Eleventh Contribution to the Herpetology of Tropical America". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 18: 261–277. ("Aporophis juliæ ", new species, pp. 274–275).
• Malhotra A, Thorpe RS (1999). Reptiles and Amphibians of the Eastern Caribbean. London and Oxford: Macmillan Education Ltd. ISBN 0-333-69141-5. (pp. 39–40, 84, 86–88, 123).
• Parker HW (1936). "Some extinct Snakes of the West Indies". Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Tenth Series 18: 227–223. (Dromicus juliae copeae, new subspecies).
• Powell R, Henderson RW (2005). "Conservation Status of Lesser Antillean Reptiles". Iguana 12 (2): 63–77.
• Schwartz A, Henderson RW (1991). Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies: Descriptions, Distributions, and Natural History. Gainesville: University of Florida Press. 720 pp. ISBN 978-0813010496. (Liophis juliae, p. 623).
• Schwartz A, Thomas R (1975). A Check-list of West Indian Amphibians and Reptiles. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication No. 1. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 216 pp. (Dromicus juliae, p. 182).

External links

• Media related to Erythrolamprus juliae at Wikimedia Commons.
• Liophis juliae at the Encyclopedia of Life.