Line 16 (Shanghai Metro)

For the under construction commuter rail line, see Lianggang Express line.

Line 16 is a rapid transit line serving the south-eastern suburban areas of Shanghai. The line was formerly known as the Lingang line (Chinese: 临港线; pinyin: Língǎng xiàn). It was originally designated as Line 21 and was planned as the south part of line 11. The line runs entirely in Pudong New Area, starting from Longyang Road, via Shanghai Wild Animal Park, Huinan Town, ending at Dishui Lake in Nanhui New City. The line is 59 km (37 mi) long and has 13 stations of which three are underground and the rest elevated.^[3] Construction begun in early 2009, and the line opened on 29 December 2013.^[2][4] The second phase was completed at the end of 2014.

Line 16
Line 16 AC19 trainset in March 2014
Overview
Other name(s)	R3s (planned name); South section of line 11 (planned name); Line 21 (planned name between 29 January and 1 March 2010); Lingang line (Chinese: 临港线); Excursion line (nickname)
Native name	上海地铁16号线
Status	Operational
Owner	Shanghai Rail Transit Line 16 Development Co., Ltd.
Locale	Pudong district, Shanghai, China
Termini	Longyang Road Dishui Lake
Stations	13
Service
Type	Rapid transit
System	Shanghai Metro
Operator(s)	Shanghai Maglev Transportation Development Co., Ltd.
Depot(s)	Yebei depot; Chuanyanghe parking lot
Rolling stock	38 Class A 6-car trains
Daily ridership	254,000 (2019 Peak)[1]
History
Commenced	March 22, 2010; 14 years ago (2010-03-22)
Opened	December 29, 2013; 10 years ago (2013-12-29)
Last extension	December 28, 2014; 9 years ago (2014-12-28)
Technical
Line length	58.96 km (36.64 mi)[2]
Number of tracks	2 (passing loops at some stations)
Character	Elevated: Longyang Road↔Huinan & Huinan↔Lingang Avenue 44.5km 10 stations; Underground: Huinan & Lingang Avenue ↔ Dishui Lake: 10.3km 3 stations.
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Electrification	Third rail, 1.5kV DC (overhead line wire in depot)
Operating speed	120 km/h (75 mph) Average speed: 63.1 km/h (39 mph) (local service); 75.4 km/h (47 mph) (rapid service); 102 km/h (63 mph) (express service);
Signalling	ALSTOM Urbalis CBTC
Route map To scale geographic map: Line 16, Shanghai Metro v t e Legend Direct link │ Re-entry only SPTC required │ Out of system Maglev │ China Rail │ Suburban Rail │ Metro Operational │ Planned or u/c Elevated │ At grade │ Under- ground Express, Rapid and Local stop │ Rapid and Local stop │ Local stop  18   South Changjiang Road  7   Meilan Lake  Huamu Road  2   East Xujing  Pudong International Airport Longyang Road  2   7   18   Maglev   18   Hangtou  Maglev  Middle Huaxia Road  13   13   Jinyun Road  Zhangjiang Road  11   North Jiading Chuanyang River Depot Luoshan Road  11  Airport link (u/c)  Hongqiao  Shanghai East Xiuyan Road (on line 11)  11   Disney Resort East Zhoupu Heshahangcheng East Hangtou   Xinchang Wild Animal Park (with passing loop) Huinan CRH: HuSuTong (u/c) East Huinan (with passing loop) Yebei Depot Dazhi River CRH: HuSuTong (u/c) Shuyuan (with single passing loop) Shuyuan Lingang Avenue (with single passing loop) Dishui Lake Dishui Lake

The design speed of Line 16 is 120 km/h (75 mph), and the actual maximum operating speed in the above-ground section is about 100 km/h (62 mph). Line 16 is susceptible to further speed limits due to heavy fog, due to the high operating speed of the line requiring longer sight distances.^[5] The line is colored aqua on system maps.

History

The new line was originally designated as Line 21. Shanghai Metro Authorities have since changed this to Line 16,^[6] and will integrate into the planned transport hub of Lingang city.^[7]

Shanghai Metro Line 16 opening history
Segment	Commenced	Opened	Length	Station(s)	Name	Investment
Luoshan Road — Dishui Lake	22 Mar 2010	29 Dec 2013	52.850 km (32.84 mi)	11	Initial phase	¥18.16 billion
Longyang Road — Luoshan Road	22 Mar 2010	28 Dec 2014	6.112 km (3.80 mi)	2	Initial phase (northern extension)

Stations

Further information: List of Shanghai Metro stations

Service routes

Line 16 is the only line in the Shanghai Metro planned to feature different stopping services, with a rapid service stopping only at Longyang Road, Luoshan Road, Xinchang, Huinan, and Dishui Lake stations.^[8] Between 30 January 2014 and 21 March 2016, due to insufficient rolling stock and overcrowding of the line, all rapid services were suspended.^[9][10] To further increase capacity, the existing 3-car train sets were to be expanded to full 6-car sets^[11] and the rush hour headway was reduced to a minimum of 4 minutes and operated with a mixture of 3-car and 6-car trains.^[12] Since 1 October 2018, rapid service trains also stop at Lingang Avenue station at weekends and public holidays.^[13] Since 16 November 2018, rapid trains of weekdays stop at Lingang Avenue station.^[14] Express and Rapid train services started on 18 June 2020, With express services reducing end to end travel time to 34 minutes and Rapid services reducing end to end travel time to 46 minutes.^[15]

Shanghai Metro Line 16 service routes
EX - express services: Longyang Road ↔ Dishui Lake R - rapid services: Longyang Road ↔ Dishui Lake L - local services: Longyang Road ↔ Dishui Lake
Routes			Station name		Connections	Distance			Location	Opening	Platform[16]
EX	R	L	English	Chinese		km		min
●	●	●	Longyang Road	龙阳路	2   7   18   Maglev [lower-roman 1]	0.00		0	Pudong	28 Dec 2014[17]	Elevated Double Island
｜	｜	●	Middle Huaxia Road	华夏中路	13	4.37		5			Elevated Island
｜	●	●	Luoshan Road	罗山路	11	2.67	7.04	8		29 Dec 2013[18]
｜	｜	●	East Zhoupu	周浦东		4.98	12.02	13			Elevated Side
｜	｜	●	Heshahangcheng	鹤沙航城		2.62	14.64	16
｜	｜	●	East Hangtou	航头东		2.60	17.24	20			Elevated double Island with passing loops
｜	●	●	Xinchang	新场		3.60	20.84	23			Elevated Side
｜	｜	●	Wild Animal Park	野生动物园		4.84	25.68	28			Elevated double Island with passing loops
｜	●	●	Huinan	惠南		6.05	31.73	33			Underground Side
｜	｜	●	East Huinan	惠南东		5.79	37.52	38			Elevated double Island with passing loops
｜	｜	●	Shuyuan	书院		10.61	48.13	46			Elevated Side & Island with single passing loop
｜	●	●	Lingang Avenue	临港大道		7.08	55.21	52			Underground Side & Island with single passing loop
●	●	●	Dishui Lake	滴水湖		2.59	57.80	55			Underground Double Island
Out of system transfer with Shanghai Maglev Train.

Important stations

The line has the unofficial nickname "excursion line" as it connects several scenic spots: Xinchang Ancient Town, Shanghai Wildlife Park, Nanhui Taohua Village, Guzhong Garden, Shanghai Academy of Learning, Shanghai Flower Port, and Dishui Lake

• Longyang Road: Interchange station with Lines 2, 7 and 18, also interchange with Shanghai maglev train.
• Lingang Avenue: Haichang Ocean Park; buses to Shanghai Maritime University and Shanghai Ocean University.
• Dishui Lake: Dishui Lake (largest artificial lake in China); China Maritime Museum and Shanghai Astronomy Museum.

Future expansion

The "China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone Lingang New Area Territorial and Spatial Master Plan (2019-2035) (Draft for Review)" proposed that in the future, Line 16 will pass through the Dishui Lake and arrive at the future Nanhui New Town hub.^[19]

Headways

Shanghai Metro Line 16 headway[20]
Time		Longyang Road - Dishui Lake
Monday - Friday (Working Days)
AM peak	7:30–10:30	About 3 min and 30 sec
Off-peak	10:30–16:30	About 7 min
PM peak	16:30–21:30	About 4 min
Other hours	Before 7:30 After 21:30	8 – 12 min
Saturday and Sunday (Weekends)
Peak	7:00–20:30	About 5 min
Other hours	Before 7:00 After 20:30	5 - 10 min

Technology

Rolling Stock

Line 16 train interior

Contrary to other A-class trains with 5 doors on each side of a carriage, the Class A trains for Line 16 only have 3 doors due to the line's more suburban nature. The 16A01 trains initially operated in 3 car formations, leading to huge overcrowding issues upon opening. 16A01 primarily have transverse seating to suit its more suburban role. With the introduction of the 16A02 stocks, 16A01 trains now operate in 3+3 car formations. The 16A02 trains have more standing room and use more longitudinal seating, which will be able to take 200 more passengers than the 3+3 formation of 16A01.^[21] A six carriage train has a capacity of 2,378 passengers, 120% more than trains with three carriages.^[22] The tapering of the carbody between cars 3 and 4 where the "blind" cabs of the 3+3 set would be to match the dynamic envelope of a 3+3 set. 16A02 offer USB charging.^[21]

Shanghai Metro Line 16 rolling stock
Fleet numbers	Manufacturer	Time of manufac- turing	Class	No of car	Assembly[lower-roman 1]	Rolling stock	Number	Notes
138	Siemens and CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Co., Ltd.	2012-2014	A[lower-roman 2]	3	Mcp+M+Mcp=Mcp+M+Mcp	16A01	1601-1646 (160011-161381)	Original name: AC19. Formerly three carriage trains;[23] two trains have been coupled (may decouple in trough hours) to form a six carriage train.[24][25] Horizontal rows and reversible seats.
90	CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Co., Ltd.	2018-2020	A[lower-roman 2]	6	Tc+Mp+M+M+Mp+Tc	16A02	16047-16061 (161391-162281)	USB charging port. Carriages 1, 2, 5, and 6 use tandem seats, while carriages 3 and 4 use horizontal seats.[lower-roman 3]
Tc: Trailer with cab; Mp: EMU with pantograph; M: EMU without pantograph. Class A trains for Line 16: 23.54 meters long, 3 meters wide, 3.0m in width and 3.8m in height; only three doors on each side per carriage instead of five for standard Class A carriages. 16A02 are able to take 200 more passengers than the 16A01 because of different seating arrangements.[21] A six carriage train has a capacity of 2,378 passengers, 120% more than trains with three carriages.[22]

• 
  16A01 train
• 
  16A02 train

References

1. "Metro breaks records" (in Chinese). Shanghai Metro 163 Official. 2019-03-09. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
2. Abstract of Environment Protect Report Archived 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine
3. 轨交11号线南段规划调整(原载解放日报) (in Chinese). eastday.com. 2009-07-23. Archived from the original on 2009-07-26. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
4. "Plan file for Yuqiao Community".^{[permanent dead link]}
5. "地铁16号线今晨早高峰遇大雾限速两小时". Shanghai.xinmin.cn. Archived from the original on 2018-10-01. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
6. "地铁20、21号线改名为17、16号线 线路规划不变-上海818-大众点评社区". www.dianping.com.
7. "SHINE - BEYOND A SINGLE STORY". Shanghai Daily.
8. 轨道交通11号线南段工程年内动工. Archived from the original on 2012-09-19. Retrieved 2013-12-14.
9. 16号线暂时取消大站车 列车间隔缩一半. Eastday.com Shanghai. 2014-01-31. Archived from the original on 2020-11-08. Retrieved 2014-02-02.
10. Ma Jinghua (马景华). 16号线“大站车”归期未定 下一步运营方案还未出炉-大站车 线项目 归期 罗山路 惠南-上海频道-东方网. sh.eastday.com. Archived from the original on 2018-09-29. Retrieved 2015-08-07.
11. 上海申通董事长回应轨交16号线运力不足：将全换成6节车厢_网易新闻. 163.com. Archived from the original on 2017-12-28. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
12. "上海地铁". Archived from the original on 2016-04-12. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
13. 启用新运行图，上海地铁多措施满足国庆期间乘客出行需求. Shanghai Metro. 2018-09-30. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
14. 本周五起16号线所有大站车均停靠临港大道站. Shanghai Metro. 2018-11-12. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
15. 龙阳路至滴水湖仅需37分钟，本周四起上海地铁16号线开行直达车. Shanghai Metro. 2020-06-15. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
16. 乘车指南 > Station信息. Shanghai Metro Official Site. Retrieved 2015-12-17. Instructions: 点击相应线路，选择Station，点击"站层图"可查看相应Station的站台结构。
17. 13、16号线12月28日新增5站试运营. Shanghai Metro Official Site. 2014-12-25.
18. 12号线、16号线12月29日起载客试运营. Shanghai Metro Official Site. 2013-12-27.
19. （上海）自由贸易试验区临港新片区国土空间总体规划草案公示公告 Announcement on the public announcement of the draft land and space master plan for the Lingang New Area of China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, City Planning and Resources Bureau, 2020-06-23.
20. "Schedule" (in Chinese). Shanghai Metro. 2021-07-07. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
21. Chen Huizhi (2019-11-25). "Longer trains for Metro Line 16". Shine.cn.
22. City's 6,000th Metro train ready for service. Shine.cn. 2020-05-28.
23. 上海市轨道交通十六号线车辆. 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 (in Chinese). 2017-01-06. Retrieved 2020-03-20.
24. 16号线首列新车进入动态调试. 上海市浦东新区人民政府 (in Chinese). 2020-02-27. Retrieved 2020-03-20.
25. 钟, 晖 (2020-02-26). 昨晚16号线新车正式进入动车调试阶段，预计3月底首列新车完成调试！. 周到上海-新闻晨报官方网站 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2020-03-20.

External links

• Geographic data related to Line 16 (Shanghai Metro) at OpenStreetMap