Lianmuqin Formation

The Lianmuqin Formation,^[2] also transcribed as Lianmugin Formation,^[3] and Lianmuxin Formation,^[4] is an Early Cretaceous geologic formation composed of "interbedded red green and yellow variegated mudstones and siltstones".^[5][6] Dinosaur remains have been recovered from it.^[7]

Lianmuqin Formation
Stratigraphic range: Aptian–Albian[1] PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Tugulu Group
Underlies	Donggou & Kumutake Formations
Overlies	Shengjinkou Formation
Thickness	213–360 m (699–1,181 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Mudstone, siltstone
Location
Coordinates	46.0°N 85.8°E / 46.0; 85.8
Approximate paleocoordinates	45.0°N 81.9°E / 45.0; 81.9
Region	Xinjiang
Country	China
Extent	Junggar Basin
Type section
Named for	Lianmuqin
Lianmuqin Formation (Dzungaria)

The formation is named after Lianmuqin Town in Shanshan County, Xinjiang.

Vertebrate paleofauna

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs of the Lianmuqin Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Asiatosaurus[8]	A. mongoliensis[8]	NW Junggar Basin
Kelmayisaurus[8][9]	K. petrolicus[8]	NW Junggar Basin		"Maxilla and dentary."[10]
Xinjiangovenator	X. parvus	NW Junggar Basin		"Tibia [and] phalanges."[11]	Formerly thought to be a representative of Phaedrolosaurus ilikensis.[8]
Phaedrolosaurus	P. ilikensis	NW Junggar Basin		"tooth"[12]
Psittacosaurus[8]	P. xinjiangensis[8]	NW Junggar Basin
Tugulusaurus[8]	T. faciles[8]	NW Junggar Basin		"Hindlimb, rib, [and a] vertebral centrum."[13]
Wuerhosaurus[8]	W. homheni[8]	NW Junggar Basin		"Partial skeleton."[14]

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs of the Lianmuqin Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Dsungaripteridae indet.[15]	indeterminate[15]	Southern Junggar Basin			Not referable to Lonchognathosaurus or Dsungaripterus; likely a new taxon.[15]
Dsungaripterus	D. weii[16]	NW Junggar Basin				Dsungaripterus and Noripterus
Noripterus	N. complicidens[17]	NW Junggar Basin
Lonchognathosaurus	L. acutirostris[17]	Southern Junggar Basin			Possible junior synonym of Dsungaripterus weii.[18]

Plesiosaurs

Name	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Sinopliosaurus	S. weiyuanensis	NW Junggar Basin		Three vertebrae and a tooth.[19][20]	Dubious genus of plesiosaur.

Crurotarsans

Name	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Edentosuchus	E. tienshanensis[21]	NW Junggar Basin

Turtles

Name	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Dracochelys	D. bicuspis	Southern Junggar Basin			[22]
Ordosemys	O. brinkmania	NW Junggar Basin			[22]
Wuguia	W. efremovi	Southern Junggar Basin			[22]
Xinjiangchelys	X. sp.	NW Junggar Basin			[22]

Color key Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon		Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

See also

• List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
  • List of stratigraphic units with few dinosaur genera

References

1. Alexander O. Averianov; Stepan V. Ivantsov; Sergey V. Leshchinskiy; Pavel P.Skutschas (12 April 2022). "First pterosaur bone from the Lower Cretaceous of Siberia, Russia". Cretaceous Research. 135: 105230. Bibcode:2022CrRes.13705230A. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105230. S2CID 248136173. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
2. "Re: Kelmayisaurus a carcharodontosaurid". dml.cmnh.org. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
3. Lianmugin Formation at Fossilworks.org
4. I. G. Danilov, J. F. Parham (2007). "The type series of "Sinemys" wuerhoensis, a problematic turtle from the Lower Cretaceous of China, includes at least three taxa". Palaeontology. 50 (2): 431. Bibcode:2007Palgy..50..431D. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00632.x.
5. Lucas, Spencer G, Chinese Fossil vertebrates, Pp. 158-159, New York, Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-08483-8.
6. Lucas, S.G. (2001). Chinese Fossil Vertebrates. Columbia University Press. p. 158. ISBN 9780231084833. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
7. Weishampel et al., 2004, pp.517-607
8. "48.5 Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, People's Republic of China; 1. Tugulu Group," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 567.
9. "A reassessment of Kelmayisaurus petrolicus, a large theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (Preprint). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-22. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
10. "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 73.
11. "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 78.
12. Z.-M. Dong. (1973). [Dinosaurs from Wuerho]. Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academic Sinica 11:45-52. [Chinese]
13. "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 77.
14. "Table 16.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 345.
15. Augustin FJ, Matzke AT, Maisch MW, Csiki-Sava Z (2021). "Pterosaur remains from the Lower Cretaceous Lianmuxin Formation (upper Tugulu Group) of the southern Junggar Basin (NW China)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (2): 312–321. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1910819. S2CID 233597623.
16. "Re: The timing of stegosaur extinction". dml.cmnh.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
17. Barrett, P.M., Butler, R.J., Edwards, N.P., & Milner, A.R. Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas. p61-107. in Flugsaurier: Pterosaur papers in honour of Peter Wellnhofer. 2008. Hone, D.W.E., and Buffetaut, E. (eds). Zitteliana B, 28. 264pp.
18. Andres, B.; Clark, J. M.; Xing, X. (2010). "A new rhamphorhynchid pterosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Xinjiang, China, and the phylogenetic relationships of basal pterosaurs" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (1): 163–187. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..163A. doi:10.1080/02724630903409220. S2CID 53688256.
19. C.-C. Young. (1944). On the reptilian remains from Weiyuan, Szechuan, China. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 24(3–4):187-205
20. Z. Dong. (1973). [Cretaceous stratigraphy of Wuerho district, Dsungar Basin]. Reports of Paleontological Expedition to Sinkiang (II): Pterosaurian Fauna from Wuerho, Sinkiang. Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academia Sinica 11:1-7
21. Jinling Li (July 1985). "A revision of Edentosuchus tienshanensis Young from the Tugulu Group of Xinjiang Autonomous Region" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 23 (3): 196–206. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
22. Zheng, Daran; Chang, Su-Chin; Ramezani, Jahandar; Xu, Xing; Xu, Honghe; Wang, He; Pei, Rui; Fang, Yanan; Wang, Jun; Wang, Bo; Zhang, Haichun (2023-05-10). "Calibrating the Early Cretaceous Urho Pterosaur Fauna in Junggar Basin and implications for the evolution of the Jehol Biota". Geological Society of America Bulletin. doi:10.1130/b36795.1. ISSN 0016-7606.

Bibliography

• Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka, eds. (2004). The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 1–880. ISBN 0-520-24209-2. Retrieved 2019-02-21.