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Kumarumã is an Amerindian village of the Galibi Marwono people in the Brazilian municipality of Oiapoque, Amapá. It is the largest village of the tribe.[3][4] Kumarumã was founded in the 1930s[5] as Santa Maria dos Galibis.[3] Kumarumã is located on an island in the Uaçá River in the Uaçá Indigenous Territory.[6]
The Galibi Marworno were originally from French Guiana and lived in Jesuit missions. A Portuguese offensive in the late 18th century drove them to land inwards, where they mixed with the Arua and Marworno Amerindians.[4] They use the self identification Galibi Marworno to distinguish themselves from the Galibis on the Oiapoque River.[3]
In the 1930s, Santa Maria dos Galibis was established by the Indian Protection Service[5] as means to concentrate the population.[4] The main language of the Galibi was Karipúna French Creole.[3] In 1934, a school was built in the village, and started to teach in Portuguese.[3] In the late 1960s, CIMI, a Catholic organisation, started teaching Karipúna French Creole.[7]
Kumarumã also has a clinic,[8] and a community house.[3] The village consisted mainly of wooden houses built on stilts,[3] however, the younger generation has begun to build brick houses.[9]
Kumarumã has experienced a rapid growth in the 21st century, and a large part of the island has been deforested. The economy is based on fishing and subsistence farming.[3] The villagers are known for their canoes which they export to French Guiana.[10]
Kumarumã can only be accessed by boat, and is located about 45 kilometres down river from the Oiapoque River.[6]
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