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Korean language
Language spoken in Korea / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Korean (South Korean: 한국어, Hangugeo; North Korean: 조선말, Chosŏnmal) is the native language for about 81 million people, mostly of Korean descent.[lower-alpha 1][2] It is the national language of both North Korea and South Korea.
Korean | |
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한국어 (South Korea) 조선말 (North Korea) | |
![]() Names for the Korean language written vertically in Hangul. The South Korean name is on the left and the North Korean on the right. | |
Pronunciation | [ha(ː)n.ɡu.ɡʌ] (South Korea) [tso.sʌn.maɭ][1] (North Korea) |
Native to | Korea |
Ethnicity | Koreans |
Native speakers | 81 million (2019–2022)[2] |
Koreanic
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Early forms | |
Standard forms | |
Dialects | see Korean dialects |
| |
Official status | |
Official language in | South Korea North Korea |
Recognised minority language in | |
Regulated by |
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Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | ko |
ISO 639-2 | kor |
ISO 639-3 | kor |
Glottolog | kore1280 |
Linguasphere | 45-AAA-a |
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Beyond Korea, the language is recognized as a minority language in parts of China, namely Jilin, and specifically Yanbian Prefecture, and Changbai County. It is also spoken by Sakhalin Koreans in parts of Sakhalin, the Russian island just north of Japan, and by the Koryo-saram in parts of Central Asia.[3] The language has a few extinct relatives which—along with the Jeju language (Jejuan) of Jeju Island and Korean itself—form the compact Koreanic language family. Even so, Jejuan and Korean are not mutually intelligible. The linguistic homeland of Korean is suggested to be somewhere in contemporary Manchuria.[3] The hierarchy of the society from which the language originates deeply influences the language, leading to a system of speech levels and honorifics indicative of the formality of any given situation.
Modern Korean is written in the Korean script (한글; Hangul in South Korea, 조선글; Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea), a system developed during the 15th century for that purpose, although it did not become the primary script until the 20th century. The script uses 24 basic letters (jamo) and 27 complex letters formed from the basic ones. When first recorded in historical texts, Korean was only a spoken language.
Since the turn of the 21st century, aspects of Korean culture have spread to other countries through globalization and cultural exports. As such, interest in Korean language acquisition (as a foreign language) is also generated by longstanding alliances, military involvement, and diplomacy, such as between South Korea–United States and China–North Korea since the end of World War II and the Korean War. Along with other languages such as Chinese and Arabic, Korean is ranked at the top difficulty level for English speakers by the United States Department of Defense.