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Russian-born American Jewish composer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Joseph Brody (Yiddish: יוסף בּרױדי Yossef Broydi) (1876/1877 – 1937) was an American Jewish composer who wrote for the Yiddish theatre as well as liturgical Jewish works. He taught George Gershwin and was a friend of Yossele Rosenblatt.[1] His daughter, Estelle Brody, was an actress.
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Brody was born on March 12, 1877, according to his gravestone,[citation needed] in Lyakhavichy, Minsk Governorate, in the Russian Empire, although the Lexicon of Yiddish Theatre gives the date as February 12, and in own his naturalization application he stated his birthday was January 22, 1876.[2][3] His father, Harris Brody, was a tailor and sent Joseph to a Cheder for his early education.[4]
His father emigrated to the United States in 1887, at which point Joseph entered a Yeshiva in Slonim, where he stayed for six years. During that time he developed an aptitude for music, and was greatly impressed by the military orchestras which regularly played in the park in Slonim during the summers.[2]
After being noticed by cantors who visited the Yeshiva in Slonim, he decided to drop out and followed cantor Moshe Bass to Bialystok, where he became a choirboy. It was there that he learned music theory and studied Hebrew and Russian.[4] Upon losing his Soprano voice, he began to compose cantorial compositions, and was hired by Cantor Kahane in Vilnius as a choir conductor, and after that under cantor Yoel Zelig in Pinsk.[2]
To avoid being his conscription into the Russian military, his father sent for him and he travelled to the United States in 1895 via Hamburg,[2] or possibly in 1896.[3] He worked for a time as a conductor in synagogues and in the Yiddish theatre in Philadelphia.[4]
It was around the turn of the century that Brody's composing career in the United States began to see some success. Although he had worked at Morris Finkel's Yiddish theatre at the Arch Street Theatre in Philadelphia, that theatre merely staged New York plays and so his position was limited to conducting rather than composing.[5] It was when he was hired by David Kessler from the Thalia Theatre in New York City that his career as a Jewish American composer began in earnest.[6] His partnership with Kessler would last for several decades.[7]
Kessler, Bertha Kalich, and Sigmund Mogulesko starred in Brody's debut play, which garnered significant success. During this time he developed an appreciation for Louis Friedsell's career, with whom he would later widely collaborate.[6] He continued to work Yiddish folk melodies and Jewish religious music into his theatre compositions.[7] Among his other contemporaries in the New York Yiddish Theatre world were Rubin Doctor, Arnold Perlmutter, Herman Wohl, Louis Gilrod, and many others.[8] Joseph Rumshinsky published arrangements of a number of Brody's compositions during this era as well.[9]
In 1913, Brody became a naturalized citizen of the United States.[3] In the 1910s, Brody briefly instructed George Gershwin in composition, focusing on counterpoint, and directed a choir that Gershwin sang in.[10]
After two decades of successful collaborations, Kessler died in 1920, after which Brody spent several shorter stints composing in other theatres, including the People's Theater, the Liberty Theater and the Hopkinson Theater.[7] During his career he composed music for more than sixty plays.[2]
While some sources indicate Brody's death in 1943, records confirm his passing on August 16, 1937.[1][11]
Joseph married his first wife Elizabeth (Leah) Vishniff, a fellow Russian Jewish immigrant, in May 1898.[12] In 1900 their first daughter Estelle Brody, then known as Sadie, was born. She would later become a well-known silent film actor in Great Britain.[13] Their second and third children, Phillip and Harris, were born in 1902 and 1905.[14] Their son Murray L. Brody, who would later become a composer as well, was born in 1909.[15] Elizabeth died in May 1912 at age 36.[16]
In December 1912, Joseph married his second wife, Bessie Fox, also a Russian Jewish immigrant.[17] Census records indicate that they resided with Sadie, Philip, Harry, and Moses, in addition to their own children Bernard and Jannette (born 1914 and 1917 respectively).[18][19]
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