James Graham may refer to:
- Sir James Graham, 1st Baronet, of Kirkstall (1753–1825), Tory MP for Cockermouth, Wigtown Burghs and Carlisle
- Sir James Graham, 1st Baronet, of Netherby (1761–1824), MP for Ripon 1798–1807
- Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet (1792–1861), First Lord of the Admiralty, MP 1812–61 for Hull, St Ives, Carlisle, Cumberland, East Cumberland, Pembroke, Dorchester, Ripon
- James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose (1612–1650), Scottish nobleman and soldier
- James Graham, 2nd Marquess of Montrose (1631–1669), Scottish nobleman and judge
- James Graham, 3rd Marquess of Montrose (1657–1684)
- James Graham, 1st Duke of Montrose (1682–1742), Scottish aristocratic statesman (was 4th Marquess)
- James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose (1755–1836), British statesman
- James Graham, 4th Duke of Montrose (1799–1874), British politician - Member for Cambridge
- James Graham, 6th Duke of Montrose (1878–1954), Scottish nobleman, politician and engineer
- James Graham, 7th Duke of Montrose (1907–1992), signatory to the Rhodesian Declaration of Independence
- James Graham, 8th Duke of Montrose (born 1935), member of the House of Lords
- James Graham, Marquess of Graham (born 1973), Scottish aristocrat
- James Graham (speaker) (1650–1701), merchant, lawyer and speaker of the New York General Assembly
- James Graham (North Carolina politician) (1793–1851), United States representative from North Carolina
- James Graham (Brooklyn) (1847–1917), American hatter and politician from New York
- James H. Graham (1812–1881), United States representative from New York
- James Graham (Victorian politician) (1819–1898), merchant and member of the Victorian Legislative Council
- James McMahon Graham (1852–1945), United States representative from Illinois
- Sir James Graham (physician) (1856–1913), Scottish-Australian physician and New South Wales politician
- James D. Graham (1873–1951), American socialist politician from Montana
- James Callan Graham (1914–2006), member of the Texas House of Representatives
- James Allen Graham (1921–2003), North Carolina teacher and politician
- James B. Graham (1923-2007), Kentucky auditor of public accounts
- Jim Graham (1945–2017), American politician from Washington D.C.