Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
2011-13 sectarian violence in Iraq following the US invasion and withdrawal / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Iraqi insurgency was an insurgency that began in late 2011 after the end of the Iraq War and the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq, resulting in violent conflict with the central government, as well as low-level sectarian violence among Iraq's religious groups.
Iraqi insurgency | ||||||||
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Part of the Iraqi conflict (2003–present) | ||||||||
U.S. and Kuwaiti troops unite to close the gate between Kuwait and Iraq after the last military convoy passed through on Dec. 18, 2011, signaling the end of Operation New Dawn and the beginning of the post-U.S. phase of the insurgency | ||||||||
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Belligerents | ||||||||
Sunni insurgent factions:
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Sons of Iraq Supported by: United States | |||||||
Commanders and leaders | ||||||||
Abu Dua Abu Mohammad al-Adnani Ishmael Jubouri Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed |
Jalal Talabani Masoud Barzani Nouri al-Maliki Babaker Zebari Ahmed Abu Risha | |||||||
Strength | ||||||||
Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation: 2,000–3,000[2] Islamic Army in Iraq: 10,400 (2007)[3] Al-Qaeda: 1,000–2,000[4] JRTN: 1,500-5,000[5] |
Iraqi Security Forces 600,000 (300,000 Army and 300,000 Police)[6] Awakening Council militias – 30,000[7] Contractors ~7,000[8][9] | |||||||
Casualties and losses | ||||||||
919+ insurgents killed, 3,504 arrested |
1,156 policemen and 949 soldiers killed 2,286 policemen and 1,759 soldiers wounded | |||||||
The insurgency was a direct continuation of events following the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. Sunni militant groups stepped up attacks targeting the country's majority Shia population to undermine confidence in the Shia-led government and its efforts to protect people without coalition assistance.[12] Many Sunni factions stood against the Syrian government, which Shia groups moved to support, and numerous members of both sects also crossed the border to fight in Syria.[13]
In 2014, the insurgency escalated dramatically following the conquest of Mosul and major areas in northern Iraq by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), a Salafi jihadist militant group and unrecognised proto-state that follows a fundamentalist, Qutbi-Wahhabi doctrine of Sunni Islam.[14][15] ISIL gained global prominence in early 2014 when it drove Iraqi government forces out of key cities in its Western Iraq offensive,[16] followed by its capture of Mosul[17] and the Sinjar massacre,[18] thereby merging the new conflict with the Syrian Civil War, into a new, far deadlier conflict.