Hydrography of Milan
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The hydrography of Milan and the area of the neighboring municipalities is particularly complex, both for natural causes, given the conspicuous presence of rivers, streams and fountains that form a real water tangle, and for issues related to the work of canalization and diversion of waterways made by man, having their beginning during the Roman era, which led to the creation of numerous irrigation ditches, canals and lakes.
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The territory of Milan is very rich in water, given that the city is on the "fontanili line", where there is an encounter, underground, between geological layers with different permeability, a situation that allows deep waters to resurface , especially in the south-west area of Milan, where the composition of the ground together with the groundwater level allows it to rise. The first description of the hydrography of Milan was made by Bonvesin de la Riva, an Italian writer and poet who lived between the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.
The most important waterways affecting Milan and its metropolitan area are the Lambro, Olona and Seveso rivers, the Bozzente, Garbogera, Lura, Merlata and Pudiga rivers, the navigable canals Naviglio della Martesana, Naviglio Grande, Naviglio Pavese, Naviglio di Bereguardo, Naviglio di Paderno and Vettabbia, and the artificial waterways Canale Ticinello, Canale Vetra, Cavo Redefossi, Cavo Ticinello and Southern Lambro. In Milan there are also two important artificial basins, the Darsena di Porta Ticinese and the Idroscalo of Milan.
Among the noteworthy architectures connected to them, there are several navigation basins (including the Conca dell'Incoronata, the Conca di Viarenna, the Conca Fallata and the Conchetta), some water mills (including Molino Dorino and Mulino Vettabbia ) and the Gabelle bridge.