National Assembly (Hungary)

The National Assembly (Hungarian: Országgyűlés, lit. 'Country Assembly' [ˈorsaːɡɟyːleːʃ]) is the parliament of Hungary. The unicameral body consists of 199 (386 between 1990 and 2014) members elected to four-year terms. Election of members is done using a semi-proportional representation: a mixed-member majoritarian representation with partial compensation via transfer votes and mixed single vote; involving single-member districts and one list vote; parties must win at least 5% of the popular vote in order to gain list seats. The Assembly includes 25 standing committees to debate and report on introduced bills and to supervise the activities of the ministers. The Constitutional Court of Hungary has the right to challenge legislation on the grounds of constitutionality.

National Assembly Országgyűlés
Type
Type	Unicameral
Leadership
Speaker	László Kövér, Fidesz since 6 August 2010
First Officer	Márta Mátrai, Fidesz since 1 January 2013
Deputy Speakers	Csaba Hende, Fidesz (for legislation) Sándor Lezsák, Fidesz István Jakab, Fidesz János Latorcai, KDNP Lajos Oláh, DK Dóra Dúró, MHM
Leader of largest political group	Máté Kocsis, Fidesz since 8 May 2018
Leader of 2nd largest political group	István Simicskó, KDNP since 2 May 2022
Structure
Seats	199
Political groups	Government (135)   Fidesz–KDNP (135)   Fidesz (116)   KDNP (19) Supported by (1)   German minority (1) Opposition (63)   DK-MSZP-Dialogue (32)   DK (15)   MSZP (10)   Dialogue (6)[lower-alpha 1]   Ind. (1)[lower-alpha 2]   Momentum (10)   Jobbik (8)   MHM (6)   LMP (5)   Ind. (2)[lower-alpha 3]
Elections
Voting system	Partially parallel, partially compensatory voting: 106 FPTP seats, 93 PR seats with 5% electoral threshold (D'Hondt method)
Last election	3 April 2022
Next election	On or before 2026
Meeting place
Hungarian Parliament Building Lajos Kossuth Square 1 Budapest, H-1055 Hungary
Website
parlament.hu/national-assembly

Autumn session – 2015

Under communist rule, the National Assembly existed as the supreme organ of state power as the sole branch of government in Hungary, and per the principle of unified power, all state organs were subservient to it. Since 1902, the assembly has met in the Hungarian Parliament Building in Budapest.

The current members are the members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2022–2026).

History

The Diet of Hungary^[1] (Hungarian: Országgyűlés) was a legislative institution in the medieval kingdom of Hungary from the 1290s,^[2] and in its successor states, Royal Hungary and the Habsburg kingdom of Hungary throughout the Early Modern period. The name of the legislative body was originally "Parlamentum" during the Middle Ages, the "Diet" expression gained mostly in the Early Modern period.^[3] It convened at regular intervals with interruptions during the period of 1527 to 1918, and again until 1946.

The articles of the 1790 diet set out that the diet should meet at least once every 3 years, but, since the diet was called by the Habsburg monarchy, this promise was not kept on several occasions thereafter. As a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, it was reconstituted in 1867.

The Latin term Natio Hungarica ("Hungarian nation") was used to designate the political elite which had participation in the diet, consisting of the nobility, the Catholic clergy, and a few enfranchised burghers,^[4][5] regardless of language or ethnicity.^[6] Natio Hungarica was a geographic, institutional and juridico-political category.^[7]

The democratic character of the Hungarian parliament was reestablished with the fall of the Iron Curtain and the end of the communist dictatorship in 1989. Today's parliament is still called the Országgyűlés, as in royal times, but is called the 'National Assembly' to distance itself from the historical royal diet.

Latest election

Main article: 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election

Turnout

Turnout (within Hungary only, excluding eligible voters abroad)^[8]

7:00	9:00	11:00	13:00	15:00	17:00	18:30	Overall
1.82%	10.31%	25.77%	40.01%	52.75%	62.92%	67.80%	69.54%

Results by party

Party		Party list			Constituency			Total
		Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Seats	±
	Fidesz–KDNP	3,060,706	54.13	48	2,823,419	52.52	87	135	+2
	United for Hungary	1,947,331	34.44	38	1,983,708	36.90	19	57	–8
	Our Homeland Movement	332,487	5.88	6	307,064	5.71	0	6	New
	Hungarian Two-Tailed Dog Party	185,052	3.27	0	126,648	2.36	0	0	±0
	Solution Movement	58,929	1.04	0	64,341	1.20	0	0	New
	Party of Normal Life	39,720	0.70	0	31,495	0.59	0	0	New
	Leftist Alliance (ISZOMM–MMP)				8,678	0.16	0	0	New
	True Democratic Party				989	0.02	0	0	New
	Civic Response				521	0.01	0	0	New
	Our Party - IMA				326	0.01	0	0	New
	Party of Greens				208	0.00	0	0	New
	MSZDDSZ				177	0.00	0	0	New
	Hungarian Liberal Party				152	0.00	0	0	±0
	National Self-Government of Germans	24,630	0.44	1				1	±0
	National Self-Government of Croats	1,760	0.03	0				0	±0
	National Self-Government of Slovaks	1,208	0.02	0				0	±0
	National Self-Government of Rusyns	645	0.01	0				0	±0
	National Self-Government of Romanians	526	0.01	0				0	±0
	National Self-Government of Serbs	418	0.01	0				0	±0
	National Self-Government of Ukrainians	396	0.01	0				0	±0
	National Self-Government of Poles	281	0.00	0				0	±0
	National Self-Government of Greeks	232	0.00	0				0	±0
	National Self-Government of Slovenes	219	0.00	0				0	±0
	National Self-Government of Armenians	163	0.00	0				0	±0
	National Self-Government of Tatars	157	0.00	0				0	±0
	Independents						0	0	–1
Total			100	93		100	106	199	0
Valid votes		5,651,057	98.84
Invalid/blank votes		66,125	1.16
Total		5,717,182	100
Registered voters/turnout		8,215,304[lower-alpha 4]	69.59
Source: National Election Commission (100% counted)

Speakers of the National Assembly of Hungary

Main article: List of speakers of the National Assembly (Hungary)

Historical composition of the National Assembly since 1990

MSZP   Par.   DK   Egy.   LMP   MLP   SZDSZ   Mom.   Fidesz   KDNP   MDF   FKGP   MIÉP   Jobbik   MHM   Germans   Others   Independent
1990–1994	33 94 21 21 164 44 3 6
1994–1998	209 70 20 22 38 26 1
1998–2002	134 24 148 17 48 14 1
2002–2006	178 20 164 24
2006–2010	190 20 141 23 11 1
2010–2014	59 16 227 36 47 1
2014–2018	29 1 4 3 5 1 117 16 23
2018–2022	15 5 9 1 8 117 16 26 1 1
2022–2026	10 6 15 5 10 117 18 10 6 1 1

Notes

1. •   Szikra (1)
2. •   DK (1)
3. •   ANPM (1)
4. This number consists of 7,693,695 Hungarians eligible to vote within Hungary, plus 65,480 Hungarians eligible to vote at consulates and embassies abroad, plus 456,129 people eligible to vote by mail abroad.

References

1. András Gergely, Gábor Máthé: The Hungarian state: thousand years in Europe (published in 2000)
2. Elemér Hantos: The Magna Carta Of The English And Of The Hungarian Constitution (1904)
3. Cecil Marcus Knatchbull-Hugessen Brabourne (4th Baron): The political evolution of the Hungarian nation: (Volume I. in 1908)
4. John M. Merriman, J. M. Winter, Europe 1789 to 1914: encyclopedia of the age of industry and empire, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, p. 140, ISBN 978-0-684-31359-7
5. Tadayuki Hayashi, Hiroshi Fukuda, Regions in Central and Eastern Europe: past and present, Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, 2007, p. 158, ISBN 978-4-938637-43-9
6. Katerina Zacharia, Hellenisms: culture, identity, and ethnicity from antiquity to modernity, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008, p. 237 ISBN 978-0-7546-6525-0
7. "Transylvania - The Roots of Ethnic Conflict". Hungarianhistory.com. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
8. "Nemzeti Választási Iroda - Országgyűlési Választás 2022". vtr.valasztas.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved 3 April 2022.

External links

• (in English) Official website
• (in Hungarian) Official website

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