Hib vaccine
Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine, also known as Hib vaccine, is a vaccine used to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection.[2][3] In countries that include it as a routine vaccine, rates of severe Hib infections have decreased more than 90%.[2] It has therefore resulted in a decrease in the rate of meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglottitis.[2]
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Target | Haemophilus influenzae type b |
Vaccine type | Conjugate |
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Trade names | ActHIB, Hiberix, OmniHIB, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Professional Drug Facts |
MedlinePlus | a607015 |
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Routes of administration | IM |
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It is recommended by both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).[2][4] Two or three doses should be given before six months of age.[2] In the United States a fourth dose is recommended between 12 and 15 months of age.[5] The first dose is recommended around six weeks of age with at least four weeks between doses.[2] If only two doses are used, another dose later in life is recommended.[2] It is given by injection into a muscle.[2]
Severe side effects are extremely rare.[2] About 20 to 25% of people develop pain at the site of injection while about 2% develop a fever.[2] There is no clear association with severe allergic reactions.[2] The Hib vaccine is available by itself, in combination with the diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis vaccine, and in combination with the hepatitis B vaccine, among others.[2] All Hib vaccines that are currently used are conjugate vaccine.[2]
An initial Hib vaccine consisting of plain (unconjugated) type b polysaccharide, was introduced in the United States in 1985.[6] but was replaced by a more effective conjugated formulations beginning in 1987.[7] As of 2013[update], 184 countries include it in their routine vaccinations.[2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8][9]