Grapefruit–drug interactions
Drug interactions with grapefruit juice / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Some fruit juices and fruits can interact with numerous drugs, in many cases causing adverse effects.[1] The effect is most studied with grapefruit and grapefruit juice,[1] but similar effects have been observed with certain other citrus fruits.[1][2][3][4]
One whole grapefruit, or a small glass (200 mL, 6.8 US fl oz) of grapefruit juice, can cause drug overdose toxicity.[1] Fruit consumed three days before the medicine can still have an effect.[5] The relative risks of different types of citrus fruit have not been systematically studied.[1] Affected drugs typically have an auxiliary label saying "Do not take with grapefruit" on the container, and the interaction is elaborated upon in the package insert.[6] People are also advised to ask their physician or pharmacist about drug interactions.[6] However, some experts believe that for the majority of patients, complete avoidance of grapefruit is unwarranted.[7]
Although most flavonoid-rich foods reduce all-cause mortality, grapefruit consumption has been shown to increase all-cause mortality, possibly because of the clinically significant drug interactions of the non-flavonoid components.[8]