Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
1915 German offensive on the Eastern Front of World War I / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Gorlice–Tarnów offensive during World War I was initially conceived as a minor German offensive to relieve Russian pressure on the Austro-Hungarians to their south on the Eastern Front, but resulted in the Central Powers' chief offensive effort of 1915, causing the total collapse of the Russian lines and their retreat far into Russia. The continued series of actions lasted the majority of the campaigning season for 1915, starting in early May and only ending due to bad weather in October.
Gorlice–Tarnów offensive | |||||||
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Part of the Eastern Front of World War I | |||||||
Gorlice–Tarnów breakthrough and Russian withdrawal | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
German Empire Austria-Hungary | Russian Empire | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Erich von Falkenhayn August von Mackensen Hans von Seeckt E. von Böhm-Ermolli Svetozar Boroević Paul von Brlog Archduke Joseph Ferdinand |
Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolay Ivanov Radko Dimitriev | ||||||
Units involved | |||||||
XI Army South Army II Army III Army IV Army VII Army |
III Army IV Army VIII Army XI Army IX Army | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
1,613,360 men 1,884 machine guns 3,259 guns |
1,424,158 men 1,768 machine guns 2,383 guns | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
520,000[lower-alpha 1] |
410,000[2]-1,019,953 men[3] 250,000 captured[4] 224 guns, 600 machine guns[5] |
Mackensen viewed securing a breakthrough as the first phase of an operation, which would then lead to a Russian retreat from the Dukla Pass, and their positions north of the Vistula.[6]: 201