First War of Scottish Independence
1296–1328 war between England and Scotland / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The First War of Scottish Independence was the first of a series of wars between English and Scottish forces. It lasted from the English invasion of Scotland in 1296 until the de jure restoration of Scottish independence with the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton in 1328. De facto independence was established in 1314 at the Battle of Bannockburn. The wars were caused by the attempts of the English kings to establish their authority over Scotland while Scots fought to keep English rule and authority out of Scotland.[1]
First War of Scottish Independence | |||||||
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Part of the Wars of Scottish Independence | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
John Balliol # William Wallace (Commander-in-chief until 1305) Robert I (Commander-in-chief from 1305) John "Red" Comyn X Andrew Moray (DOW) William the Hardy # James "Black" Douglas Earl of Moray Edward Bruce † Simon Fraser Angus Og MacDonald Walter the Steward |
Edward I # (1296–1307) Edward II (1307–1327) Edward III (1327–1328) Earl of Surrey # Earl of Pembroke # Earl of Richmond Raymond Caillau † Earl of Louth Earl of Carrick # Earl of Desmond Antony Bek # |
The term "War of Independence" did not exist at the time. The war was given that name retrospectively many centuries later, after the American War of Independence made the term popular, and after the rise of modern Scottish nationalism.[citation needed]