TYMP is a gene that encodes for the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase.[5][6] The TYMP gene is also known as ECGF1 (endothelial cell growth factor 1, platelet-derived) and MNGIE due to its role in MNGIE syndrome. [7]
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The TYMP gene is located on chromosome 22 in humans and contains 10 exons spanning more than 4.3 kb.
TYMP encodes for the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase. TYMP and thymidine phosphorylase are associated with angiogenesis, growth of endothelial cells, and mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE).
Thymidine phosphorylase is angiogenic growth factor which promotes angiogenesis in vivo and stimulates the in vitro growth of a variety of endothelial cells. Thymidine phosphorylase has a highly restricted target cell specificity acting only on endothelial cells, hence its alternative name of ECGF1. Because it limits glial cell proliferation, thymidine phosphorylase is also known as gliostatin. Thymidine phosphorylase activity in leukocytes from mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) patients was less than 5 percent of controls, indicating that loss-of-function mutations in TYMP cause MNGIE.[8]
Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.[§ 1]
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- Hagiwara K, Stenman G, Honda H, et al. (1991). "Organization and chromosomal localization of the human platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor gene". Mol. Cell. Biol. 11 (4): 2125–32. doi:10.1128/MCB.11.4.2125. PMC 359900. PMID 2005900.
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- Bardosi A, Creutzfeldt W, DiMauro S, et al. (1987). "Myo-, neuro-, gastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE syndrome) due to partial deficiency of cytochrome-c-oxidase. A new mitochondrial multisystem disorder". Acta Neuropathol. 74 (3): 248–58. doi:10.1007/BF00688189. PMID 2823522. S2CID 20379299.
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- Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
- Hirano M, Silvestri G, Blake DM, et al. (1994). "Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE): clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of an autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorder". Neurology. 44 (4): 721–7. doi:10.1212/wnl.44.4.721. PMID 8164833. S2CID 31980361.
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
- Stevenson DP, Milligan SR, Collins WP (1998). "Effects of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase, substrate, and products in a three-dimensional model of angiogenesis". Am. J. Pathol. 152 (6): 1641–6. PMC 1858429. PMID 9626068.
- Nishino I, Spinazzola A, Hirano M (1999). "Thymidine phosphorylase gene mutations in MNGIE, a human mitochondrial disorder". Science. 283 (5402): 689–92. Bibcode:1999Sci...283..689N. doi:10.1126/science.283.5402.689. PMID 9924029.
- Asgari MM, Haggerty JG, McNiff JM, et al. (1999). "Expression and localization of thymidine phosphorylase/platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor in skin and cutaneous tumors". J. Cutan. Pathol. 26 (6): 287–94. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1999.tb01846.x. PMID 10472757. S2CID 32158847.
- Loftus BJ, Kim UJ, Sneddon VP, et al. (1999). "Genome duplications and other features in 12 Mb of DNA sequence from human chromosome 16p and 16q". Genomics. 60 (3): 295–308. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5927. PMID 10493829.
- Sivridis E, Giatromanolaki A, Koukourakis MI, et al. (2000). "Thymidine phosphorylase expression in normal and hyperplastic endometrium". J. Clin. Pathol. 53 (9): 704–8. doi:10.1136/jcp.53.9.704. PMC 1731246. PMID 11041061.
- Komatsu T, Yamazaki H, Shimada N, et al. (2001). "Involvement of microsomal cytochrome P450 and cytosolic thymidine phosphorylase in 5-fluorouracil formation from tegafur in human liver". Clin. Cancer Res. 7 (3): 675–81. PMID 11297264.
- Kojima H, Shijubo N, Abe S (2002). "Thymidine phosphorylase and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with Stage I lung adenocarcinoma". Cancer. 94 (4): 1083–93. doi:10.1002/cncr.10352. PMID 11920479. S2CID 35877612.