TYMP (gene)

TYMP is a gene that encodes for the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase.^[5][6] The TYMP gene is also known as ECGF1 (endothelial cell growth factor 1, platelet-derived) and MNGIE due to its role in MNGIE syndrome. ^[7]

TYMP
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1UOU, 2J0F, 2WK5, 2WK6
Identifiers
Aliases	TYMP, thymidine phosphorylase, ECGF, ECGF1, MEDPS1, MNGIE, MTDPS1, PDECGF, TP, hPD-ECGF
External IDs	OMIM: 131222; MGI: 1920212; HomoloGene: 1474; GeneCards: TYMP; OMA:TYMP - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 22 (human)[1] Band 22q13.33 Start 50,525,752 bp[1] End 50,530,032 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 15 (mouse)[2] Band 15 E3|15 44.86 cM Start 89,256,134 bp[2] End 89,261,242 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right uterine tube granulocyte monocyte right lung upper lobe of left lung olfactory zone of nasal mucosa spleen apex of heart blood right lobe of liver Top expressed in liver jejunum colon duodenum spermatocyte vagina spermatid testicle proximal tubule lung More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function transferase activity glycosyltransferase activity pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity growth factor activity pentosyltransferase activity 1,4-alpha-oligoglucan phosphorylase activity thymidine phosphorylase activity protein homodimerization activity Cellular component cytosol Biological process cell differentiation pyrimidine nucleoside salvage pyrimidine nucleoside catabolic process multicellular organism development chemotaxis angiogenesis metabolism pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process mitochondrial genome maintenance pyrimidine nucleoside metabolic process regulation of myelination regulation of transmission of nerve impulse regulation of gastric motility regulation of signaling receptor activity signal transduction Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1890 72962 Ensembl ENSG00000025708 ENSMUSG00000022615 UniProt P19971 Q99N42 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001953 NM_001113755 NM_001113756 NM_001257988 NM_001257989 NM_138302 NM_028405 RefSeq (protein) NP_001107227 NP_001107228 NP_001244917 NP_001244918 NP_001944 NP_612175 Location (UCSC) Chr 22: 50.53 – 50.53 Mb Chr 15: 89.26 – 89.26 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Structure

The TYMP gene is located on chromosome 22 in humans and contains 10 exons spanning more than 4.3 kb.

Function

TYMP encodes for the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase. TYMP and thymidine phosphorylase are associated with angiogenesis, growth of endothelial cells, and mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE).

Thymidine phosphorylase is angiogenic growth factor which promotes angiogenesis in vivo and stimulates the in vitro growth of a variety of endothelial cells. Thymidine phosphorylase has a highly restricted target cell specificity acting only on endothelial cells, hence its alternative name of ECGF1. Because it limits glial cell proliferation, thymidine phosphorylase is also known as gliostatin. Thymidine phosphorylase activity in leukocytes from mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) patients was less than 5 percent of controls, indicating that loss-of-function mutations in TYMP cause MNGIE.^[8]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.^{[§ 1]}

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|alt=Fluorouracil (5-FU) Activity edit]]

Fluorouracil (5-FU) Activity edit

1. The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "FluoropyrimidineActivity_WP1601".

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000025708 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022615 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Usuki K, Saras J, Waltenberger J, Miyazono K, Pierce G, Thomason A, Heldin CH (Jun 1992). "Platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor has thymidine phosphorylase activity". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 184 (3): 1311–6. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(05)80025-7. PMID 1590793.
6. Spinazzola A, Marti R, Nishino I, Andreu AL, Naini A, Tadesse S, Pela I, Zammarchi E, Donati MA, Oliver JA, Hirano M (Feb 2002). "Altered thymidine metabolism due to defects of thymidine phosphorylase". J Biol Chem. 277 (6): 4128–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111028200. PMID 11733540.
7. "Gene symbol report | HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee".
8. "Entrez Gene: ECGF1 endothelial cell growth factor 1 (platelet-derived)".

Further reading

• Yang Q, Yoshimura G, Mori I, et al. (2002). "Thymidine phosphorylase and breast carcinoma". Anticancer Res. 22 (4): 2355–60. PMID 12174926.
• Asai K, Nakanishi K, Isobe I, et al. (1992). "Neurotrophic action of gliostatin on cortical neurons. Identity of gliostatin and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (28): 20311–6. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)88703-3. PMID 1400349.
• Furukawa T, Yoshimura A, Sumizawa T, et al. (1992). "Angiogenic factor". Nature. 356 (6371): 668. Bibcode:1992Natur.356..668F. doi:10.1038/356668a0. PMID 1570012.
• Stenman G, Sahlin P, Dumanski JP, et al. (1992). "Regional localization of the human platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF1) gene to chromosome 22q13". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 59 (1): 22–3. doi:10.1159/000133191. PMID 1733667.
• Hagiwara K, Stenman G, Honda H, et al. (1991). "Organization and chromosomal localization of the human platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor gene". Mol. Cell. Biol. 11 (4): 2125–32. doi:10.1128/MCB.11.4.2125. PMC 359900. PMID 2005900.
• Ishikawa F, Miyazono K, Hellman U, et al. (1989). "Identification of angiogenic activity and the cloning and expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor". Nature. 338 (6216): 557–62. Bibcode:1989Natur.338..557I. doi:10.1038/338557a0. PMID 2467210. S2CID 4337444.
• Bardosi A, Creutzfeldt W, DiMauro S, et al. (1987). "Myo-, neuro-, gastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE syndrome) due to partial deficiency of cytochrome-c-oxidase. A new mitochondrial multisystem disorder". Acta Neuropathol. 74 (3): 248–58. doi:10.1007/BF00688189. PMID 2823522. S2CID 20379299.
• Miyazono K, Okabe T, Urabe A, et al. (1987). "Purification and properties of an endothelial cell growth factor from human platelets". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (9): 4098–103. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)61316-X. PMID 3549724.
• Usuki K, Gonez LJ, Wernstedt C, et al. (1994). "Structural properties of 3.0 kb and 3.2 kb transcripts encoding platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase in A431 cells". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1222 (3): 411–4. doi:10.1016/0167-4889(94)90049-3. PMID 8038210.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Hirano M, Silvestri G, Blake DM, et al. (1994). "Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE): clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of an autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorder". Neurology. 44 (4): 721–7. doi:10.1212/wnl.44.4.721. PMID 8164833. S2CID 31980361.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Stevenson DP, Milligan SR, Collins WP (1998). "Effects of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase, substrate, and products in a three-dimensional model of angiogenesis". Am. J. Pathol. 152 (6): 1641–6. PMC 1858429. PMID 9626068.
• Nishino I, Spinazzola A, Hirano M (1999). "Thymidine phosphorylase gene mutations in MNGIE, a human mitochondrial disorder". Science. 283 (5402): 689–92. Bibcode:1999Sci...283..689N. doi:10.1126/science.283.5402.689. PMID 9924029.
• Asgari MM, Haggerty JG, McNiff JM, et al. (1999). "Expression and localization of thymidine phosphorylase/platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor in skin and cutaneous tumors". J. Cutan. Pathol. 26 (6): 287–94. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1999.tb01846.x. PMID 10472757. S2CID 32158847.
• Loftus BJ, Kim UJ, Sneddon VP, et al. (1999). "Genome duplications and other features in 12 Mb of DNA sequence from human chromosome 16p and 16q". Genomics. 60 (3): 295–308. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5927. PMID 10493829.
• Sivridis E, Giatromanolaki A, Koukourakis MI, et al. (2000). "Thymidine phosphorylase expression in normal and hyperplastic endometrium". J. Clin. Pathol. 53 (9): 704–8. doi:10.1136/jcp.53.9.704. PMC 1731246. PMID 11041061.
• Komatsu T, Yamazaki H, Shimada N, et al. (2001). "Involvement of microsomal cytochrome P450 and cytosolic thymidine phosphorylase in 5-fluorouracil formation from tegafur in human liver". Clin. Cancer Res. 7 (3): 675–81. PMID 11297264.
• Kojima H, Shijubo N, Abe S (2002). "Thymidine phosphorylase and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with Stage I lung adenocarcinoma". Cancer. 94 (4): 1083–93. doi:10.1002/cncr.10352. PMID 11920479. S2CID 35877612.

External links

• GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy Disease (MNGIE)