Dali–Ruili railway

The Dali–Ruili railway or Darui railway (大瑞铁路), is a single-track electrified railway under construction in Yunnan Province of Southwest China. The line is slated to run 336.39 km (209 mi) from Dali to Ruili on the border with Myanmar.^[3][4] The line traverses rugged terrain, and bridges and tunnels will account for 75% of the total track length, including the 34.5 km Gaoligongshan Tunnel through the Gaoligong Mountains.^[3]

Dali–Ruili railway
Overview
Other name(s)	Darui railway
Native name	大瑞铁路
Status	Operational
Owner	China Railway
Locale	Yunnan Province
Termini	Dali Baoshan (as of July 2022)
Continues from	Guangtong–Dali railway Dali–Lijiang railway
Stations	5 (as of July 2022)
Service
Type	Inter-city rail
Operator(s)	China Railway Kunming Group
Rolling stock	China Railway CR200J
History
Commenced	1 June 2008 (2008-06-01)[1]
Opened	19 July 2022 (2022-07-19)[2]
Technical
Line length	336.39 km (209.02 mi)
Number of tracks	1
Character	Elevated
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification	25 kV 50 Hz AC
Operating speed	140 km/h (87 mph)
map_name Legend km Guangtong–Dali railway to Guangtong Guangtong–Chuxiong–Dali railway to Kunming Dali East Yunnan-Tibet railway to Lijiang, Lhasa Dali Dali–Lincang railway to Lincang Fuxing tunnel Dali West Pingpo Yangbi No. 1 tunnel Heihui river bridge Yangbi Xiuling tunnel Píngdì Shunbi river bridge Akelu tunnel Beidoupu Dapoling tunnel Chuyipu Yongping river bridge Yongpingxian Shanyang tunnel Shanyang Jiangdingsi tunnel Jiangdingsi Mekong (Lancang) river bridge Dazhushan Tunnel Baoshan North Baoshan Start of Baoshan tunnel group Huojiazhai End of Baoshan tunnel group Pupiao Shangba Modong Nu River Bridge Huitong Gaoligongshan Tunnel Longling Mangguai Mangshi Santaishan tunnel Long river bridge Mangshi West Zhefang Wanting tunnel Wanting Ruili river bridge Ruili East Ruili China Myanmar China-Myanmar railway to Naypyidaw, Yangon km This diagram: view talk edit

Construction began in May 2011 and was scheduled to take six years.^[3][4] However, this has been repeatedly delayed, and as of 2019, the railway is scheduled to open only in 2022.^[5][6] The initial section from Dali to Baoshan opened on 22 July 2022.^[2] In the same year, the construction of the sector from Baoshan to Pupiao started.

The line will have a design speed of 140 kilometres per hour (87 mph).^[7] Cities and counties along route include Dali, Yangbi Yi Autonomous County, Yongping County, Baoshan, Pupiao (蒲缥镇), Mangshi and Ruili.

History

Gaoligong Mountain Rail Tunnel under construction near Mangshi

As early as 1938, the British planned to build the Yunnan–Burma railway to connect British rule in Burma with Yunnan Province, but were unable to complete the project.^[8]

Originally, the Chinese government proposed a rail connection between Kunming, China and Kyaukpyu, Myanmar. The railway was planned to follow the route of the existing Sino-Myanmar pipelines. After protests in Myanmar, the part of the railway in Myanmar was cancelled.^[9] Only the Chinese part of the line between Dali and Ruili will now be constructed.

Construction on the Darui Line began in 2008.^[1] In August 2012, the project received an additional investment of ¥5 billion, owing to the difficulty of tunneling through the rugged terrain, particularly the Dazhushan Mountain Tunnel.^[1] The huge rivers and geology have given the tunnel the moniker "World's Most Difficult Tunnel".^[10]

Stations in operation

Station Name[2]		Connections	Distance km		Location
English	Chinese
Dali	大理				Yunnan
Yangbi	漾濞
Yongpingxian	永平县
CR | Baoshan North (freight)	保山北
Baoshan	保山

Future Development

Trans-Asian Railway

The Dali–Ruili railway may someday form the western route of China's rail link with Southeast Asia, part of the Trans-Asian Railway. The authorities of the two countries considered the possibility of connecting it with the railways of Myanmar.^[11][12] In 2018, another agreement was signed between the two countries' railway agencies for a feasibility study for a 431 km long railway connection from Mandalay to Muse (the Burmese town opposite Ruili).^[13]

The latest report in June 2022^[14] stated that the new EIA for the Burmese side of the China–Myanmar Railway will be shortened to 409.69 km by adding 47 more bridges and viaducts (bringing the total from 77 to 124), while the number of tunnels will be reduced from 77 to 60.

This Muse–Mandalay railway line will pass the following stations:

• Muse (木姐 (Chinese)/မူဆယ်မြို့ (Burmese)/မူႇၸေႊ (Shan))
• Kutkai (贵概 (Chinese)/ ကွတ်ခိုင် (Burmese))
• Hsenwi (AKA Theinni) (သိန္နီ (Burmese) / သႅၼ်ဝီ (Shan))
• Lashio (腊戍 (Chinese) /လားရှို (Burmese))
• Hsipaw (昔卜 (Chinese) / သီပေ (Burmese))
• Kyaukme (皎梅 (Chinese) / ကျောက်မဲ (Burmese))
• Nawnghkio (瑙丘 (Chinese) /နောင်ချို (Burmese))
• Pyin Oo Lwin (彬乌伦 (Chinese) / ပြင်ဦးလွင် (Burmese) / ပၢင်ႇဢူလူင် (Shan))
• Mandalay (曼德勒 (Chinese) /မန္တလေး (Burmese))

There will be 4 major bridges and viaducts along this railway line:

• New Goteik viaduct that passed through the 300-m deep valley which takes 48 months to be done. This viaduct is in between Nawnghkio (瑙丘 (Chinese) /နောင်ချို (Burmese)) and Pyin Oo Lwin (彬乌伦 (Chinese) / ပြင်ဦးလွင် (Burmese) / ပၢင်ႇဢူလူင် (Shan)) which takes 48 months to be done. This will supersede the existing 689-m Goteik viaduct which had been erected through 250-m deep valley by American engineers and workers in 1900.
• The New Sino-Burmese Friendship Bridge across Mao river (AKA Shweli River / 瑞丽江 (Chinese) / ရွှေလီမြစ် (Burmese) / ၼမ်ႉမၢဝ်း (Shan)) which is the border between China and Myanmar which takes 26 months to be done and to connect Muse (木姐 (Chinese)/မူဆယ်မြို့ (Burmese) /မူႇၸေႊ (Shan) with Ruili (瑞丽 (Chinese) /瑞麗 (Traditional Chinese) / ရွှေလီ (Burmese)/ မိူင်းမၢဝ် (Shan)).
• Bridge across Nam Ma river at Hsipaw township (ၼမ်ႉတူႈ (Burmese)) in Hsipaw township (昔卜 (Chinese)/သီပေ (Burmese)) in Kyaukme district (皎梅 (Chinese)/ ကျောက်မဲ (Burmese)) which takes 24 months to be done.
• Bridge across Nam Tu river (ၼမ်ႉတူႈ (Burmese)) in Hsipaw township (昔卜 (Chinese)/သီပေ (Burmese)) in Kyaukme district (皎梅 (Chinese)/ ကျောက်မဲ (Burmese)) which takes 23 months to be done.

However, the timeframe and schedule are not certain due to the ongoing civil war that started in 2021 in Myanmar.^{[citation needed]}

See also

• List of railways in China

References

1. "大瑞铁路新增投资逾50亿将连通中缅铁路干线 大公报" (in Chinese). 31 August 2012. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
2. "中缅国际通道大瑞铁路大保段将于7月22日开通运营". Archived from the original on 21 July 2022. 全线共设大理、漾濞、永平县、保山北、保山5座车站，其中大理、漾濞、永平县、保山4座车站开办客运业务；漾濞、永平县、保山北3座车站开办货运业务
3. "抓住西部大开发机遇 重大工程顺利推进". 大理日报 (in Chinese). 9 November 2011. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012.
4. "大瑞铁路保瑞段奠基(图)". Xinhua (in Chinese). 31 May 2011.
5. "Dali-Ruili Railway expected to open to traffic by 2021". 7 July 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
6. 卫岗：到2022年瑞丽将成为中国最大的内陆口岸 (31 January 2019). Yunnan Online.
7. "大瑞铁路保山段已全面进入铺架阶段-保山市人民政府门户网站". www.baoshan.gov.cn. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
8. Garver, John W. (2011). Protracted Contest. University of Washington Press. p. 248. ISBN 0295801204.
9. Pasick, Adam (25 July 2014). "China's cancelled Burma railway is its latest derailment in southeast Asia". Quartz.
10. ""世界最难掘进隧道"大瑞铁路大柱山隧道平导贯通".
11. "New Fund over 5 Billion Yuan to Boost Dali-Ruili railway Construction". 25 September 2012. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012.
12. Xinhua (29 May 2011). "China railway signs agreement with Myanmar on rail project". People's Daily Online.
13. Mandalay to China railway feasibility study agreed, 24 Oct 2018
14. "อัปเดตข้อมูลล่าสุด "รถไฟหมู่เจ้-มัณฑะเลย์" มีสะพาน 124 แห่ง เจาะอุโมงค์ 60 จุด" (in Thai). 24 June 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.