Crimson-backed tanager

The crimson-backed tanager (Ramphocelus dimidiatus) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Colombia, Panama, and Venezuela, and introduced to French Polynesia.^[2] Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.^[2] A nickname in Panama is sangre de toro ("Blood of the bull").^[3]

Crimson-backed tanager
Male R. d. isthmicus, Panama
female R. d. molochinus, Colombia
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Thraupidae
Genus:	Ramphocelus
Species:	R. dimidiatus
Binomial name
Ramphocelus dimidiatus Lafresnaye, 1837

The crimson-backed tanager was first described by French naturalist Frédéric de Lafresnaye in 1837. It is one of nine species of brightly coloured tanagers of the genus Ramphocelus. Mitochondrial DNA evidence indicates its closest relative is the masked crimson tanager (R. nigrogularis), and the two split around 800,000 years ago.^[4]

female R. d. isthmicus, Panama City

Measuring around 18 cm (7.1 in) in length, the adult male has a silver sheen on its lower mandible.^[5] Its whole head and chest are a maroon red, brightening to a bright red on its lower back and abdomen. Its wings and tail are black. The female is duller with blackish underparts.^[6]

It is found in northern and western Colombia (south to Chocó where it is uncommon^[6]), the Maracaibo Basin in Venezuela,^[5] and over most of Panama, where it extends to Chiriquí and Veraguas Provinces in the west of the country, as well as Coiba, where it is abundant, and Pearl Islands.^[3] It inhabits forest, scrub and gardens.^[5]

A nest with a clutch of two blue eggs with fine dark dots has been recorded.^[6]

A field study on blood parasites found that two individual crimson-backed tanagers (out of twelve tested) bore Plasmodium, with the study concluding the overall rate was low compared with studies done elsewhere.^[7]

References

1. BirdLife International (2018). "Ramphocelus dimidiatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22722500A132154364. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22722500A132154364.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
2. "BirdLife Species Factsheet (additional data): Crimson-backed Tanager". BirdLife International. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
3. Ridgely, Robert S.; Gwynne, John A. (1992). A Guide to the Birds of Panama: With Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Honduras. Princeton University Press. p. 403. ISBN 0-691-02512-6.
4. Burns, Kevin J.; Racicot, Rachel A. (2009). "Molecular phylogenetics of a clade of lowland tanagers: implications for avian participation in the great American interchange" (PDF). The Auk. 126 (3): 635–648. doi:10.1525/auk.2009.08195. S2CID 32907534. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2011-05-31.
5. Ridgely, Robert S.; Tudor, Guy (2009). Field Guide to the Songbirds of South America: The Passerines. University of Texas Press. p. 614. ISBN 978-0-292-71979-8.
6. Hilty, Steven L.; Brown, Bill (1986). A guide to the birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press. p. 624. ISBN 0-691-08372-X. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
7. Londoño, Aurora; Pulgarin-R., Paulo C.; Blair, Silvia (2007). "Blood Parasites in Birds From the Lowlands of Northern Colombia" (PDF). Caribbean Journal of Science. 43 (1): 87–93. doi:10.18475/cjos.v43i1.a8. S2CID 87907947.

Further reading

• Skutch, Alexander F. (1954). "Crimson-backed tanager" (PDF). Life Histories of Central American Birds. Pacific Coast Avifauna, Number 31. Berkeley, California: Cooper Ornithological Society. pp. 166–175.

External links

• BirdLife species factsheet for Ramphocelus dimidiatus
• "Crimson-backed tanager media". Internet Bird Collection.
• Crimson-backed tanager photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
• Crimson-backed tanager species account at Neotropical Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
• Interactive range map of Ramphocelus dimidiatus at IUCN Red List maps
• Audio recordings of Crimson-backed tanager on Xeno-canto.