A coupé was a four-wheeled carriage with outside front seat for the driver and enclosed passenger seats for two persons.[1] The name coupé comes from the French past participle of couper, "cut".[2]
The coupé carriage body style originated from the berline horse-drawn carriage. The coupé version of the berline was introduced in the 18th century as a shortened ("cut") version with no rear-facing seat.[3][4][5][6] Normally, a coupe had a fixed glass window in the front of the passenger compartment.[7] The coupe was considered an ideal vehicle for women to use to go shopping or to make social visits.[8]
Types
The grand coupé with a curved body was the first common form of this carriage. Around 1830, the small coupé appeared, of four wheels, a closed squared body, with seats for two passengers. The coachman's seat, at the front and outside, rests on a chest. The small coupé is suspended on two pincer springs at the front and half-pincer springs at the rear, connected by a transverse spring. The small coupé was the model of the French fiacre.
There are a number of coupé types, including but not limited to:
- Town coupé: a prestigious two-seater carriage, reserved for ceremonies.
- Mail coupé: derived from the English-style mail coach, and retained the exterior seats and trunks.
- Chariot: a type of curved light coupé.
- Brougham: a type of squared small coupé.
- Three-quarter coupé or Clarence: a coupé with a projecting glass front and seats for four passengers inside.
- Landaulet: the coupé form of the landau. There are also the brougham-landaulet and the three-quarter landaulet.
- Dorsay: a boat-shaped double-suspension coupé.
The coupé also refers to the front part of a composite carriage, such as a diligence (Continental-style stagecoach).
See also
- Coach (carriage)
- Coupe (car)
References
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