Cholesteryl esters are a type of dietary lipid and are ester derivatives of cholesterol. The ester bond is formed between the carboxylate group of a fatty acid and the hydroxyl group of cholesterol. Cholesteryl esters have a lower solubility in water due to their increased hydrophobicity. Esters are formed by replacing at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group with an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group. They are hydrolyzed by pancreatic enzymes, such as cholesterol esterase, to produce cholesterol and free fatty acids.[1] They are associated with atherosclerosis.[2]
Cholesteryl ester is found in human brains as lipid droplets which store and transport cholesterol.[3] Increased levels of cholesteryl ester have been found in certain parts of the brain of people with Huntington's disease. Higher concentrations of cholesteryl ester have been found in the caudate and putamen, but not the cerebellum, of people with Huntington disease compared with levels in controls.[4] Increase in cholesteryl ester has also been found in other neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.[3]
Transfer of cholesteryl ester
Cholesteryl ester is transported from high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) to low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) with cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP).[5] The decrease in cholesteryl ester can lower HDL and increase LDL, which may be an indicator of cardiovascular problems, as indicated by intervention studies.[5] Increasing HDL values has the potential to prevent mortality associated with cardiovascular risks such as atherosclerosis.[6]
See also
References
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