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American government office From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The President's Intelligence Advisory Board (PIAB) is an advisory body to the Executive Office of the President of the United States. According to its self-description, it "provides advice to the President concerning the quality and adequacy of intelligence collection, of analysis and estimates, of counterintelligence, and of other intelligence activities."[1]
| |
| Advisor overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | January 1956 |
| Jurisdiction | United States |
| Advisor executive |
|
| Child Advisor |
|
| Website | President's Intelligence Advisory Board and Intelligence Oversight Board Website |
The PIAB, through its Intelligence Oversight Board (IOB), also advises the President on the legality of foreign intelligence activities.
In January 1956 President Dwight D. Eisenhower created the agency, originally known as the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities (PBCFIA).[2] The first board, under chair James Killian, included the following members:[3]
In May 1961, President John F. Kennedy renamed it to the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB).[4]
The board exists at the pleasure of the President, who can change its size and portfolio so in 1977 President Jimmy Carter abolished the PFIAB, but President Ronald Reagan re-established it later.[5]
On February 29, 2008, President George W. Bush renamed the agency to President's Intelligence Advisory Board, its present form.[6]
Most of the board's work is secret, but one very public investigation involved the loss of U.S. nuclear secrets to China from the Los Alamos National Laboratory during the 1990s.[7]
President Gerald Ford created the IOB following a 1975–76 investigation by the US Congress into domestic spying, assassination operations, and other abuses by intelligence agencies. His executive order doing so went into effect on March 1, 1976.[8] In 1993, the IOB became a committee of the PFIAB, under Executive Order #12863 of President Bill Clinton.
One of the IOB's functions is to examine violations of the laws and directives governing clandestine surveillance. The IOB received quarterly and annual reports from most US intelligence activities.[9] Thirteen cases involving FBI actions between 2002 and 2004 were referred to the IOB for its review.[10]
In an executive order issued on February 29, 2008, President George W. Bush terminated the IOB's authority to oversee the general counsel and inspector general of each U.S. intelligence agency, and erased the requirement that each inspector general file a report with the IOB every three months. The order also removed the IOB's authority to refer a matter to the Justice Department for a criminal investigation, and directed the IOB to notify the president of a problem only if other officials are not already "adequately" addressing that problem.[8]
In August 2013 it was reported that the membership of the IOB had been reduced from 14 to 4 under President Barack Obama, possibly starting in early May at the beginning of the 2013 mass surveillance disclosures by Edward Snowden.[11] The membership had not been increased as of July 2014.[12]
During the administration of President George W. Bush, the PIAB had 16 members selected from among distinguished citizens outside the government who were qualified "on the basis of achievement, experience, independence, and integrity." The members were not paid.[13]
PIAB membership is generally considered public information; for example, the Clinton Administration posted the names of the members on a PFIAB web page,[13] and the Trump Administration issued a press release announcing the nominations of new members.[14]
In August 2002, Randy Deitering, the executive director of PFIAB, confirmed the membership list released by the White House press office in October 2001:[15]
In 2003, there were indications of spying on members of the board by a foreign intelligence asset.[citation needed]
The entire PIAB membership that served under the administration of George W. Bush resigned as part of an agreed-upon move in the presidential transition of Barack Obama.[16]
President Obama appointed Chuck Hagel, former United States Senator from Nebraska, and current University of Oklahoma President David Boren as PIAB co-chairs.[17]
The following other members were appointed to the board under President Obama:[18]
In May 2013, the White House dismissed 10 members of the board.[23] The four remaining members of the PIAB were:[1]
In August 2014, President Obama nominated six new members:[24]
President Donald Trump named the following persons to the PIAB:[25]
In February 2019, President Trump named three additional members:[14]
In May 2019, President Trump named Ray Washburne as an additional member.[26][27]
In May 2022, President Joe Biden named the below persons to the PIAB.[28]
In June 2022, he named Evan Bayh to the PIAB.[29]
In October 2022, he named Anne Finucane to the PIAB.[30]
In November 2022, he named Mark Angelson to the PIAB.[31]
In January 2023, he named Margaret Hamburg, Kim Cobb, and Kneeland Youngblood to the PIAB.[32]
In March 2023, he named Hamilton E. James and Julia Santucci to the PIAB.[33]
PIAB chairpersons have been:[34]
| Officeholder | Term start | Term end | President |
|---|---|---|---|
| James Killian | January 13, 1956 | March 1, 1958 | Dwight Eisenhower |
| John Hull | March 1, 1958 | January 20, 1961 | |
| Vacant | January 20, 1961 | May 4, 1961 | John F. Kennedy |
| James Killian | May 4, 1961 | April 23, 1963 | |
| John F. Kennedy | |||
| Clark Clifford | April 23, 1963 | February 29, 1968 | |
| Max Taylor | February 29, 1968 | May 1, 1970 | |
| Richard Nixon | |||
| George Anderson | May 1, 1970 | March 11, 1976 | |
| Gerald Ford | |||
| Leo Cherne | March 11, 1976 | May 4, 1977 | |
| Jimmy Carter | |||
| Board abolished | May 4, 1977 | October 20, 1981 | |
| Anne Armstrong | October 20, 1981 | July 17, 1990 | Ronald Reagan |
| George H. W. Bush | |||
| John Tower | July 17, 1990 | April 5, 1991 | |
| Bobby Inman Acting |
April 5, 1991 | January 20, 1993 | |
| William Crowe | January 20, 1993 | May 26, 1994 | Bill Clinton |
| Les Aspin | May 26, 1994 | May 21, 1995 | |
| Warren Rudman Acting |
May 21, 1995 | January 16, 1996 | |
| Tom Foley | January 16, 1996 | November 19, 1997 | |
| Warren Rudman Acting: 1997–1998 |
November 19, 1997 | October 5, 2001 | |
| George W. Bush | |||
| Brent Scowcroft | October 5, 2001 | February 25, 2005 | |
| Jim Langdon | February 25, 2005 | December 20, 2005 | |
| Steve Friedman | December 20, 2005 | October 28, 2009 | |
| Barack Obama | |||
| David Boren Chuck Hagel |
October 28, 2009 | February 27, 2013 | |
| Vacant | February 27, 2013 | August 29, 2014 | |
| Shirley Ann Jackson Jami Miscik |
August 29, 2014 | January 20, 2017 | |
| Steve Feinberg | May 12, 2018 | January 20, 2021 | Donald Trump |
| Sandy Winnefeld | May 4, 2022 | present | Joe Biden |
These are chairs of the Advisory Board's committee of Intelligence Oversight Board
| Officeholder | Term start | Term end | President |
|---|---|---|---|
| Robert Murphy | March 11, 1976 | May 5, 1977 | Gerald Ford |
| Jimmy Carter | |||
| Thomas Farmer | May 5, 1977 | October 20, 1981 | |
| Ronald Reagan | |||
| Glenn Campbell | October 20, 1981 | February 26, 1990 | |
| George H. W. Bush | |||
| Jim Thompson | February 26, 1990 | January 20, 1993 | |
| William Crowe | January 20, 1993 | May 26, 1994 | Bill Clinton |
| Anthony Harrington | May 26, 1994 | February 8, 2000 | |
| Warren Rudman Acting |
February 8, 2000 | October 5, 2001 | |
| George W. Bush | |||
| Brent Scowcroft | October 5, 2001 | February 25, 2005 | |
| Jim Langdon | February 25, 2005 | December 20, 2005 | |
| Steve Friedman | December 20, 2005 | October 28, 2009 | |
| Barack Obama | |||
| Chuck Hagel | October 28, 2009 | February 27, 2013 | |
| Dan Meltzer | February 27, 2013 | May 24, 2015 | |
| Neal Wolin | May 24, 2015 | January 20, 2017 | |
| Steve Feinberg[35] | August 16, 2018 | January 20, 2021 | Donald Trump |
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