Genus of flies From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bolitophila is the sole living genus in the Bolitophilidae, a family of Diptera in the superfamily Sciaroidea, with around 40 Palaearctic and about 20 Nearctic species, and three species from the Oriental region (Taiwan).[1][2] They are small (6–9mm).
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The larvae of Bolitophila are mycetophagous and live in decaying wood or other organic debris overgrown by fungal plant substrates. Pupation takes place inside the fungal mycelium in soil or litter. Adults prefer shady and humid environments and can be found in the undergrowth of mixed forests, often near watercourses.
The oldest fossils belonging to Bolitophila are known from the Eocene, with Bolitophila warreni known from the Lutetian aged Kishenehn Formation in Montana and Bolitophila rohdendorfi known from Baltic amber. The closest known relative to Bolitophila and only other known member of the family is the extinct genus Mangas, known from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) aged Gurvan-Eren Formation of Mongolia and the Khasurty locality of Buryatia, Russia.[3]
Schematic representation of the wing veins in the sub Bolitophila (above) and Cliopisa (below). Note the different termination of R 4 in the two subgenera. Legenda: Pt: pterostigma; C: costa; Sc: subcosta; R: radio; M: media; Cu: cubitus; A: anal; h: humeral; r-m: radio-medial; m-cu: medio-cubital.
Conformation of the wing-veins in the subgenus Bolitophila
Bechev, Dimitar; Chandler, Peter (2011). "Catalogue of the Bolitophilidae and Diadocidiidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera)". Zootaxa. 2741 (1): 38–58. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2741.1.2.
Ostroverkhova, G. P. (1971). "New and little know species of fungus gnats (Diptera, Fungivoridae) from Krasnoyarsk's Reserve Stolby". Trudy Gasudart. Zapov. Stolby, Krasnoyarsk (in Russian). 8: 91–99.
Lundstrom, C. (1914). "Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Dipteren Finlands. IX. Supplement 3. Mycetophilidae". Acta Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. 39 (2): 1–26.
Tollet, R. (1943). "Notes sur les Dipteres Mycetophilidae de Belgique. I. Ditomyiinae, Bolitophilidae". Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle du Belgique. 19 (59): 1–20.
Tollet, R. (1955). "Etudes Biospeologiques. XXXVI. Revision des Mycetophilidae cavernicoles de Transylvanicae (Diptera, Nematocera) recueillis par R. Leruth". Mémoires de la Société Royale d'Entomologie de Belgique. 27: 443–469.
Amorim D. S. & Rindal E., 2007 Phylogeny of the Mycetophiliformia, with proposal of the subfamilies Heterotrichinae, Ohakuneinae, and Chiletrichinae for the Rangomaramidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha). Zootaxa 1535: 1–92.
Plassmann E., 1988 Bolitophilidae, in Soós A. & Papp L. (eds), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 3. Ceratopogonidae — Mycetophilidae. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest: 193–196.
Søli, G.E.E., Vockeroth J.R., & Matile L. (2000) "Families of Sciaroidea." in Papp, L. & Darvas B. (eds) Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with Special Reference to Flies of Economic Importance). Budapest: Science Herald, pp.49–92.