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Romance subfamily of Southeast Europe From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Eastern Romance languages[1] are a group of Romance languages. The group, also called the Balkan Romance or Daco-Romance languages,[1] comprises the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian), the Aromanian language and two other related minor languages, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian.[2][3][4]
Eastern Romance | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution | Southeast Europe Eastern Europe |
Linguistic classification | Indo-European |
Early forms | |
Subdivisions | |
Glottolog | east2714 (Eastern Romance) |
![]() Regions inhabited nowadays by Eastern Romance-speakers |
Some classifications also include the extinct Dalmatian language (otherwise included in the Italo-Dalmatian group) as part of the Eastern Romance subgroup,[5][6][7] considering Dalmatian a bridge between Italian and Romanian.[8][9]
Eastern Romance comprises Romanian (or Daco-Romanian), Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian, according to the most widely accepted classification of the Romance languages.[1][10][11][12][13] The four languages sometimes labelled as dialects of Romanian[1]—developed from a common ancestor[13] mostly referred as Common Romanian.[14] They are surrounded by non-Romance languages.[15] Judaeo-Spanish (or Ladino) is also spoken in the Balkan Peninsula, but it is rarely listed among the other Romance languages of the region because it is rather an Iberian Romance language that developed as a Jewish dialect of Old Spanish in the far west of Europe, and it only began to be spoken widely in the Balkans after the influx of Ladino-speaking refugees into the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century.[12]
Within the Glottolog database, the languages are classified as follows:[16]
Peter R. Petrucci, by contrast, states that Common Romanian had developed into two major dialects by the 10th century, and that Daco-Romanian and Istro-Romanian are descended from the northern dialect, while Megleno-Romanian and Aromanian are descended from the southern dialect.[17]
Note: the lexicon used below is not universally recognized
Istro-Romanian[18][19][20] | Aromanian[21][22] | Megleno-Romanian[23] | Romanian | Italian | Spanish | Portuguese | French | Latin source | English |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pićor | cicior | picior | picior | gamba | (pierna) | perna | jambe | petiolus/gamba | leg |
kľeptu | cheptu | kľeptu | piept | petto | pecho | peito | poitrine | pectus | chest |
bire | ghine | bini | bine | bene | bien | bem | bien | bene | well, good |
bľerå | azghirari | zber | zbiera/a rage | ruggire | rugir | rugir | rugir | bēlāre/rugīre | to roar |
fiľu | hilj | iľu | fiu | figlio | hijo | filho | fils | filius | son |
fiľa | hilje | iľe | fiică | figlia | hija | filha | fille | fīlia | daughter |
ficåt | hicat | ficat | fegato | hígado | fígado | foie | fīcātum | liver | |
fi | hire | ire | a fi | essere | ser | ser | être | fuī/esse/sum | to be |
fľer | heru | ieru | fier | ferro | hierro | ferro | fer | ferrum | iron |
vițelu | yitsãl | vițål | vițel | vitello | (ternero) | vitelo | veau | vitellus | calf |
(g)ľerm | iermu | ghiarmi | vierme | verme | verme (gusano) | verme | ver | vermis | worm |
viu | yiu | ghiu | viu | vivo | vivo | vivo | vivant | vīvus/vīvēns | alive |
vipt | yiptu | vipt | cibo (vitto) | comida (victo) | comida (vitualha) | victuaille (archaic) | victus | food, grain, victuals | |
mľe(lu) | njel | m'iel | miel | agnello | (cordero), añal (archaic) | anho, cordeiro | agneau | agnellus | lamb |
mľåre | njare | m'ari | miere | miele | miel | mel | miel | mel | honey |
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