Islamophobia
Fear, hatred of, or prejudice against the religion of Islam or Muslims in general / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Islamophobia is commonly defined as an irrational fear of, hostility towards, or prejudice against Islam or Muslims.[1][2][3][4][5] Such sentiments are sometimes expressed through stereotypes that portray Muslims as a geopolitical threat or a source of terrorism.[6][7][8] Academics, authors and policymakers continue to debate the exact meaning of the term.[9]
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (April 2024) |
The causes of increase in Islamophobia across the world since the end of the Cold War are many. These include the quasi-racialist stereotypes against Muslims that proliferated through the Western media since the 1990s,[10] the "war on terror" campaign launched by the United States after the September 11 attacks,[11][12][13] the rise of the Islamic State in the aftermath of the Iraq War,[14] terrorist attacks carried out by Islamist militants in the United States and Europe, anti-Muslim rhetoric disseminated by white nationalist organizations through the internet,[15] and the rise of far-right groups which oppose the presence of Muslims in the United States and the European Union.[16][17]
A study conducted in 2013 revealed that Muslim women, especially those wearing headscarves or face veils, are more vulnerable to suffer from Islamophobic attacks than Muslim men.[18] On 15 March 2022, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution by consensus which was introduced by Pakistan on behalf of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation that proclaimed March 15 as 'International Day to Combat Islamophobia'.[19]
It has been alleged that the term is sometimes used to avoid criticism of Islam, by removing the distinction between racism, which is generally illegal, and criticism of religious doctrine or practice, which is generally authorized in secular societies.[20][21]