Venetian Albania
Territorial entity From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Territorial entity From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Venetian Albania (Venetian: Albania vèneta, Italian: Albania Veneta, Albanian: Arbëria Venedikase, Serbo-Croatian: Mletačka Albanija, Млетачка Албанија) was the official term for several possessions of the Republic of Venice in the southeastern Adriatic, encompassing coastal territories primarily in present-day southern Montenegro and partially in northern Albania.
Venetian Albania Albania Veneta Arbëria Venedikase Mletačka Albanija Млетачка Албанија | |||||||||||||||
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Colony of the Republic of Venice | |||||||||||||||
1392–1797 | |||||||||||||||
![]() Venetian possessions in Montenegro and Northern Albania, 1448 | |||||||||||||||
• Type | Governorate | ||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||
• Established | 1392 | ||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1797 | ||||||||||||||
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Today part of | ![]() ![]() |
Several major territorial changes occurred during the Venetian rule in those regions, starting from 1392,[1] and lasting until 1797. By the end of the 15th century, the main possessions in northern Albania had been lost to the expansion of the Ottoman Empire. In spite of that, Venetians did not want to renounce their formal claims to the Albanian coast, and the term Venetian Albania was officially kept in use, designating the remaining Venetian possessions in coastal Montenegro, centred around the Bay of Kotor. During this period the Albanian Piracy was flourishing. Those regions remained under Venetian rule until the fall of the Republic of Venice in 1797. By the Treaty of Campo Formio, the region was transferred to the Habsburg monarchy.
Venice used the term "Venetian Albania" for its initial possessions that stretched from the southern borders of the Republic of Ragusa to Durrës in coastal Albania. Generally, these possessions extended not more than 20 km (12 miles) inland from the Adriatic Sea. Between the Siege of Shkodra and 1571 the territories in what is today Albania were lost.[2] After 1573 the southern limit moved to the village of Kufin (which means border in Albanian) near Budva, because of the Ottoman conquests of Antivari (Bar), Dulcigno (Ulcinj), Scutari (Shkodër) and Durrës. From then on, the Venetian territory was centred on the Bay of Kotor and included the towns of Kotor, Risan, Perast, Tivat, Herceg Novi, Budva, and Sutomore.
From 1718 to 1797 the Venetian Republic extended its territory south towards the Republic of Ragusa while maintaining the enclaves of Cattaro (Kotor) and Budua (Budva).[3]
The Venetians sporadically controlled the small southern Dalmatian villages around the 10th century but did not permanently assume control until 1420. The Venetians assimilated the Dalmatian language into the Venetian language quickly. The Venetian territories around Kotor lasted from 1420 to 1797 and were called Venetian Albania, a province of the Venetian Republic.[4][failed verification]
In the early years of the Renaissance the territories under Venetian control included areas from modern coastal Montenegro to northern Albania as far as Durrës: Venice retained this city after a siege by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II in 1466, but it fell to Ottoman forces in 1501.
At that time Venetian Albania was relatively rich, and the area around the city of Kotor enjoyed a huge cultural and artistic development.
When the Ottoman Empire started to conquer the Balkans in the 15th century, the population of Christian Slavs in Dalmatia increased greatly. As a consequence of this, by the end of the 17th century the Romance-speaking population of historical Venetian Albania was a minority, according to Oscar Randi.[5]
After the French Republic conquered the Venetian Republic, the area of Venetian Albania became part of the Austrian Empire under the Treaty of Campo Formio, and then part of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy under the Peace of Pressburg,[6] and then the French Illyrian Provinces under the Treaty of Schönbrunn. In 1814 it was again included in the Austrian Empire.
According to the Dalmatian historian Luigi Paulucci (in his book Le Bocche di Cattaro nel 1810) the population of Venetian Albania, during the centuries of the Republic of Venice, was mainly Venetian speaking (approximately 66%) in the urban areas (Cattaro, Perasto, Budua, etc.) around the "Bocche di Cattaro" (Bay of Kotor).
But in the inland areas, more than half of the population was Serbo-Croatian speaking during the early years of the 18th century. Paulucci wrote that near the border with Albania, there were large communities of Albanian-speaking people: Ulcinj was half Albanian, one-quarter Venetian and one-quarter Slavic-speaking.[8]
After the disappearance of Venetian Albania, during the nineteenth century (according to the historian Marzio Scaglioni) the wars of independence of some Italian territories from the Austro-Hungarian empire created a situation of harassment against the Italian (or Venetian-speaking) communities in Austrian-ruled southern Dalmatia. The result was that in 1880 in Cattaro there were, according to the Austrian census, only 930 ethnic Italians remained (or 32% of a total population of 2910 people). Thirty years later, in the Austrian census of 1910, the Italians were reduced to only 13.6% of that city's population. Today there are around 500 Italian speakers in Montenegro, mainly in the area of Cattaro (Kotor), who constitute the "Comunitá Nazionale Italiana del Montenegro" (Italian National Community of Montenegro).
Many notable people were born in the "Cattaro Bay" (now called Bay of Kotor) during the Venetian rule.
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