Loading AI tools
TSV Havelse 2021–22 football season From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 2021–22 TSV Havelse season was the 110th season in the football club's history and first in the 3. Liga, the third flight of German football. TSV Havelse will also participate in this season's edition of the Lower Saxony Cup. This is the first season for Havelse in the HDI-Arena, located in Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany, since their home stadium, the Wilhelm-Langrehr-Stadion in Garbsen, did not meet 3. Liga standards.[1]
2021–22 season | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
President | Manfred Hörnschemeyer | |||
Manager | Rüdiger Ziehl | |||
Stadium | HDI-Arena | |||
3. Liga | 19th (relegated) | |||
Lower Saxony Cup | First round | |||
Top goalscorer | League: Kianz Froese Yannik Jaeschke Fynn Lakenmacher (5 goals each) All: Kianz Froese Yannik Jaeschke Fynn Lakenmacher (5 goals each) | |||
Highest home attendance | 4,591 Havelse v Braunschweig | |||
Lowest home attendance | 210 Havelse v Freiburg | |||
Average home league attendance | 1,151 | |||
Biggest win | Havelse 3–0 Meppen | |||
Biggest defeat | Mannheim 7–0 Havelse | |||
| ||||
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
|
|
No. | Pos | Player | From | Type | Window | Ends | Fee | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6 | DF | ![]() |
![]() |
Transfer | Summer | 30 June 2022 | Free | [3] |
9 | FW | ![]() |
![]() |
Transfer | Summer | 30 June 2023 | Free | [4] |
12 | GK | ![]() |
![]() |
Transfer | Summer | 30 June 2022 | Free | [5] |
15 | MF | ![]() |
![]() |
Transfer | Summer | 30 June 2022 | Free | [6] |
19 | DF | ![]() |
![]() |
Transfer | Summer | 30 June 2023 | Free | [7] |
23 | FW | ![]() |
![]() |
Transfer | Summer | 30 June 2023 | Free | [8] |
25 | MF | ![]() |
![]() |
Loan | Summer | 30 June 2022 | Free | [9] |
39 | DF | ![]() |
![]() |
Transfer | Summer | 30 June 2022 | Free | [10] |
27 | MF | ![]() |
![]() |
Loan | Winter | 30 June 2022 | Free | [11] |
No. | Pos | Player | To | Type | Window | Fee | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | GK | ![]() |
![]() |
End of contract | Summer | – | |
6 | MF | ![]() |
![]() |
End of contract | Summer | – | [12] |
12 | GK | ![]() |
![]() |
End of contract | Summer | – | [13] |
14 | FW | ![]() |
![]() |
Contract terminated | Summer | – | [14] |
15 | MF | ![]() |
![]() |
Contract terminated | Summer | – | [15] |
27 | DF | ![]() |
![]() |
End of contract | Summer | – | |
33 | FW | ![]() |
![]() |
End of contract | Summer | – | [16] |
21 | DF | ![]() |
![]() |
Contract terminated | Winter | – | [17] |
Win Draw Loss
6 July 2021 Friendly | TSV Havelse ![]() | 4–0 | ![]() | Garbsen |
18:45 CEST (UTC+2) | Report | Stadium: Wilhelm-Langrehr-Stadion Attendance: 0 |
10 July 2021 Friendly | TSV Havelse ![]() | 3–2 | ![]() | Garbsen |
14:00 CEST (UTC+2) |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Wilhelm-Langrehr-Stadion |
17 July 2021 Friendly | TSV Havelse ![]() | 1–1 | ![]() | Garbsen |
13:30 CEST (UTC+2) | Plume ![]() |
Report | Hildebrandt ![]() |
Stadium: Wilhelm-Langrehr-Stadion Attendance: 400 Referee: Patrick Herbach |
31 July 2021 Friendly | TSV Havelse ![]() | 1–2 | ![]() | Garbsen |
14:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Plume ![]() |
Report |
|
Stadium: Wilhelm-Langrehr-Stadion Attendance: 60 |
8 October 2021 Friendly | TSV Havelse ![]() | 0–1 | ![]() | Garbsen |
18:30 CEST (UTC+2) | Report | Frantz ![]() |
Stadium: Wilhelm-Langrehr-Stadion Attendance: 1,502 |
5 January 2022 Friendly | Holstein Kiel ![]() | 5–0 | ![]() | Kiel |
14:00 CET (UTC+1) | Report | Stadium: Citti Fußball Park Attendance: 0 |
2 March 2022 Friendly | Hannover 96 II ![]() | 1–1 | ![]() | Hanover |
11:00 CET (UTC+1) | Gudra ![]() |
Report | Gubinelli ![]() |
Stadium: NLZ Hannover 96 Platz 2 Attendance: 0 Referee: Julian Meckfessel |
24 March 2022 Friendly | SC Paderborn ![]() | 2–3 | ![]() | Paderborn |
12:00 CET (UTC+1) |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Benteler-Arena Attendance: 0 |
Win Draw Loss Void
Competition | First match | Last match | Starting round | Final position | Record | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % | |||||
3. Liga | 24 July 2021 | 14 May 2022 | Matchday 1 | 19th | 36 | 5 | 8 | 23 | 28 | 71 | −43 | 13.89 |
Lower Saxony Cup | 18 August 2021 | 18 August 2021 | First round | First round | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +0 | 0.00 |
Total | 37 | 5 | 9 | 23 | 28 | 71 | −43 | 13.51 |
Source: Competitions
Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion, qualification or relegation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16 | SC Verl | 36 | 10 | 10 | 16 | 56 | 66 | −10 | 40 | |
17 | Viktoria Berlin (R) | 36 | 10 | 7 | 19 | 44 | 62 | −18 | 37 | Relegation to Regionalliga |
18 | Würzburger Kickers (R) | 36 | 7 | 9 | 20 | 34 | 59 | −25 | 30 | |
19 | TSV Havelse (R) | 36 | 5 | 8 | 23 | 28 | 71 | −43 | 23 | |
20 | Türkgücü München[lower-alpha 1] (R) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Results expunged |
Overall | Home | Away | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
36 | 5 | 8 | 23 | 28 | 71 | −43 | 23 | 4 | 1 | 13 | 14 | 34 | −20 | 1 | 7 | 10 | 14 | 37 | −23 |
Source: DFB
24 July 2021 1 | TSV Havelse | 0–1 | 1. FC Saarbrücken | Hanover |
14:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Report | Gouras ![]() |
Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 2,230 Referee: Alexander Sather |
8 August 2021 2 | MSV Duisburg | 3–0 | TSV Havelse | Duisburg |
13:00 CEST (UTC+2) |
|
Report | Stadium: Schauinsland-Reisen-Arena Attendance: 7,661 Referee: Patrick Kessel | |
Note: The match was originally scheduled for 30 July 2021, 19:00 CEST, but was postponed after MSV Duisburg was quarantined due to COVID-19 cases.[21] |
14 August 2021 3 | TSV Havelse | 1–3 | 1. FC Magdeburg | Hanover |
14:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Jaeschke ![]() |
Report | Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 3,139 Referee: Robin Braun |
22 August 2021 4 | Wehen Wiesbaden | 2–1 | TSV Havelse | Wiesbaden |
14:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Nilsson ![]() |
Report | Jaeschke ![]() |
Stadium: BRITA-Arena Attendance: 1,337 Referee: Eric Müller |
25 August 2021 5 | TSV Havelse | 0–3 | Türkgücü München | Hanover |
19:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Report | Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 782 Referee: Max Burda | ||
Note: All of Türkgücü München's results were expunged.[19] |
30 August 2021 6 | SV Meppen | 1–0 | TSV Havelse | Meppen |
19:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Krüger ![]() |
Report | Stadium: Hänsch-Arena Attendance: 6,107 Referee: Wolfgang Haslberger |
5 September 2021 7 | TSV Havelse | 0–1 | Borussia Dortmund II | Hanover |
14:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Report | Tachie ![]() |
Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 1,002 Referee: Patrick Schwengers |
11 September 2021 8 | Würzburger Kickers | 0–0 | TSV Havelse | Würzburg |
14:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Report | Stadium: flyeralarm Arena Attendance: 3,676 Referee: Christian Ballweg |
17 September 2021 9 | TSV Havelse | 1–0 | Viktoria Köln | Hanover |
19:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Froese ![]() |
Report | Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 527 Referee: Nicolas Winter |
27 September 2021 10 | Viktoria Berlin | 3–4 | TSV Havelse | Berlin |
19:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Report | Stadium: Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Stadion Attendance: 1,500 Referee: Robert Kampka |
2 October 2021 11 | TSV Havelse | 0–6 | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | Hanover |
14:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Report |
|
Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 1,986 Referee: Florian Lechner |
18 October 2021 12 | SC Verl | 5–3 | TSV Havelse | Lotte |
19:00 CEST (UTC+2) |
|
Report | Stadium: Stadion am Lotter Kreuz Attendance: 576 Referee: Mitja Stegemann |
24 October 2021 13 | TSV Havelse | 0–4 | Eintracht Braunschweig | Hanover |
14:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Report |
|
Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 4,591 Referee: Martin Petersen |
6 November 2021 15 | TSV Havelse | 2–1 | Hallescher FC | Hanover |
14:00 CET (UTC+1) | Lakenmacher ![]() |
Report | Eberwein ![]() |
Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 533 Referee: Riem Hussein |
13 November 2021 14 | FSV Zwickau | 2–0 | TSV Havelse | Zwickau |
14:00 CET (UTC+1) | Report | Stadium: GGZ-Arena Attendance: 2,968 Referee: Mario Hildenbrand | ||
Note: The match was originally scheduled for 30 October 2021, 14:00 CEST, but was postponed after FSV Zwickau was quarantined due to COVID-19 cases.[22][23] |
20 November 2021 16 | SC Freiburg II | 0–0 | TSV Havelse | Freiburg im Breisgau |
14:00 CET (UTC+1) | Report | Stadium: Dreisamstadion Attendance: 950 Referee: Tom Bauer |
27 November 2021 17 | TSV Havelse | 2–3 | 1860 Munich | Hanover |
14:00 CET (UTC+1) | Jaeschke ![]() |
Report | Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 1,343 Referee: Patrick Schwengers |
5 December 2021 18 | VfL Osnabrück | 0–0 | TSV Havelse | Osnabrück |
14:00 CET (UTC+1) | Report | Stadium: Stadion an der Bremer Brücke Attendance: 6,098 Referee: Steven Greif |
11 December 2021 19 | TSV Havelse | 1–2 | Waldhof Mannheim | Hanover |
14:00 CET (UTC+1) | Plume ![]() |
Report |
|
Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 809 Referee: Robin Braun |
18 December 2021 20 | 1. FC Saarbrücken | 2–2 | TSV Havelse | Saarbrücken |
14:00 CET (UTC+1) |
|
Report | Lakenmacher ![]() |
Stadium: Ludwigsparkstadion Attendance: 4,800 Referee: Marc-Philip Eckermann |
14 January 2022 21 | TSV Havelse | 0–1 | MSV Duisburg | Hanover |
19:00 CET (UTC+1) | Report | Stoppelkamp ![]() |
Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 386 Referee: Mario Hildenbrand |
23 January 2022 22 | 1. FC Magdeburg | 1–1 | TSV Havelse | Magdeburg |
15:00 CET (UTC+1) | Bell Bell ![]() |
Report | Damer ![]() |
Stadium: MDCC-Arena Attendance: 13,385 Referee: Timo Gerach |
26 January 2022 23 | TSV Havelse | 0–1 | Wehen Wiesbaden | Hanover |
19:00 CET (UTC+1) | Report | Lankford ![]() |
Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 222 Referee: Steven Greif |
29 January 2022 24 | Türkgücü München | 0–1 | TSV Havelse | Munich |
14:00 CET (UTC+1) | Report | Jaeschke ![]() |
Stadium: Olympiastadion Attendance: 600 Referee: Mitja Stegemann | |
Note: All of Türkgücü München's results were expunged.[19] |
5 February 2022 25 | TSV Havelse | 3–0 | SV Meppen | Hanover |
14:00 CET (UTC+1) | Report | Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 500 Referee: Florian Lechner |
12 February 2022 26 | Borussia Dortmund II | 1–0 | TSV Havelse | Dortmund |
14:00 CET (UTC+1) | Tachie ![]() |
Report | Stadium: Stadion Rote Erde Attendance: 750 Referee: Eric Müller |
20 February 2022 27 | TSV Havelse | 1–3 | Würzburger Kickers | Hanover |
13:00 CET (UTC+1) | Arkenberg ![]() |
Report | Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 487 Referee: Max Burda |
25 February 2022 28 | Viktoria Köln | 0–0 | TSV Havelse | Cologne |
19:00 CET (UTC+1) | Report | Stadium: Sportpark Höhenberg Attendance: 2,469 Referee: Marc-Philip Eckermann |
7 March 2022 29 | TSV Havelse | 1–1 | Viktoria Berlin | Hanover |
19:00 CET (UTC+1) | Gubinelli ![]() |
Report | Gunte ![]() |
Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 443 Referee: Konrad Oldhafer |
12 March 2022 30 | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 3–0 | TSV Havelse | Kaiserslautern |
14:00 CET (UTC+1) | Report | Stadium: Fritz-Walter-Stadion Attendance: 20,650 Referee: Patrick Ittrich |
19 March 2022 31 | TSV Havelse | 1–3 | SC Verl | Hanover |
14:00 CET (UTC+1) | Engelking ![]() |
Report | Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 402 Referee: Patrick Kessel |
2 April 2022 32 | Eintracht Braunschweig | 3–2 | TSV Havelse | Braunschweig |
14:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Report |
|
Stadium: Eintracht-Stadion Attendance: 13,000 Referee: Tobias Stieler |
10 April 2022 33 | TSV Havelse | 0–3 | FSV Zwickau | Hanover |
14:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Report | Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 505 Referee: Frank Willenborg |
16 April 2022 34 | Hallescher FC | 1–1 | TSV Havelse | Halle |
14:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Huth ![]() |
Report | Arkenberg ![]() |
Stadium: Leuna Chemie Stadion Attendance: 5,160 Referee: Patrick Glaser |
23 April 2022 35 | TSV Havelse | 1–0 | SC Freiburg II | Hanover |
14:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Froese ![]() |
Report | Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 210 Referee: Mario Hildenbrand |
30 April 2022 36 | 1860 Munich | 1–0 | TSV Havelse | Munich |
14:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Report | Stadium: Grünwalder Stadion Attendance: 15,000 Referee: Christian Ballweg |
7 May 2022 37 | TSV Havelse | 0–1 | VfL Osnabrück | Hanover |
14:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Report | Gugganig ![]() |
Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 1,769 Referee: Patrick Hanslbauer |
14 May 2022 38 | Waldhof Mannheim | 7–0 | TSV Havelse | Mannheim |
13:30 CEST (UTC+2) | Report | Stadium: Carl-Benz-Stadion Attendance: 7,000 Referee: Christian Dingert |
18 August 2021 First round | SSV Jeddeloh | 0–0 (3–2 p) | TSV Havelse | Edewecht |
19:00 CEST (UTC+2) | Report | Stadium: 53acht-Arena Referee: Lukas Benen | ||
Penalties | ||||
|
||||
Note: The match was originally scheduled for 7 August 2021, 15:00 CEST, but was postponed to accommodate for the postponement of the 3. Liga match against MSV Duisburg. |
No. | Pos | Player | 3. Liga[24] | Lower Saxony Cup | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | |||
1 | GK | ![]() |
37 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 0 |
2 | DF | ![]() |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3 | DF | ![]() |
0+2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
5 | DF | ![]() |
0+3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
6 | DF | ![]() |
7+8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
7 | MF | ![]() |
2+8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
8 | FW | ![]() |
17+8 | 1 | 0+1 | 0 | 26 | 1 |
9 | FW | ![]() |
28+2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 31 | 1 |
10 | MF | ![]() |
2+8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
11 | FW | ![]() |
22+8 | 5 | 0+1 | 0 | 31 | 5 |
12 | GK | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
13 | DF | ![]() |
36 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 37 | 0 |
14 | FW | ![]() |
26+5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 3 |
15 | MF | ![]() |
31+1 | 5 | 0+1 | 0 | 33 | 5 |
16 | FW | ![]() |
0+10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 1 |
17 | FW | ![]() |
0+2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
18 | FW | ![]() |
34+2 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 37 | 5 |
19 | DF | ![]() |
30+1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 2 |
20 | DF | ![]() |
32 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 33 | 2 |
21 | DF | ![]() |
0+3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
23 | FW | ![]() |
11+11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 1 |
24 | MF | ![]() |
19+16 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 36 | 1 |
25 | MF | ![]() |
21+2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 0 |
26 | DF | ![]() |
17+7 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
27 | MF | ![]() |
9+5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 1 |
28 | MF | ![]() |
1+8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
35 | GK | ![]() |
0+1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
39 | DF | ![]() |
35+1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 37 | 0 |
Rank | No. | Pos | Name | 3. Liga[25] | Lower Saxony Cup | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 11 | FW | ![]() |
5 | 0 | 5 |
15 | MF | ![]() |
5 | 0 | 5 | |
18 | FW | ![]() |
5 | 0 | 5 | |
4 | 14 | FW | ![]() |
3 | 0 | 3 |
5 | 19 | DF | ![]() |
2 | 0 | 2 |
20 | DF | ![]() |
2 | 0 | 2 | |
7 | 8 | FW | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 1 |
9 | FW | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 1 | |
16 | FW | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 1 | |
17 | FW | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 1 | |
23 | FW | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 1 | |
24 | MF | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 1 | |
27 | MF | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 1 | |
Total | 29 | 0 | 29 |
Rank | No. | Pos | Name | 3. Liga[26] | Lower Saxony Cup | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | GK | ![]() |
8 | 0 | 8 |
2 | 12 | GK | ![]() |
0 | 1 | 1 |
Total | 8 | 1 | 9 |
Rank | No. | Pos | Name | 3. Liga[27] | Lower Saxony Cup | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
![]() ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() ![]() |
![]() | ||||
1 | 11 | FW | ![]() |
4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
2 | 20 | DF | ![]() |
2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
24 | MF | ![]() |
7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
4 | 9 | FW | ![]() |
7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
13 | DF | ![]() |
6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
6 | 15 | DF | ![]() |
6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
19 | DF | ![]() |
6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
8 | 8 | FW | ![]() |
5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
18 | FW | ![]() |
2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
26 | DF | ![]() |
5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
11 | 1 | GK | ![]() |
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
23 | FW | ![]() |
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
39 | DF | ![]() |
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
14 | 6 | DF | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
7 | MF | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
14 | FW | ![]() |
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
25 | MF | ![]() |
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
18 | 5 | DF | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
10 | MF | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
27 | MF | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
28 | MF | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 69 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 1 | 2 |
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.