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House elections for the 39th U.S. Congress From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 5, 1864, and November 7, 1865, in the midst of the American Civil War and President Abraham Lincoln's reelection. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives. Members were elected before the first session of the 39th United States Congress convened on December 4, 1865, including the at-large seat from the new state of Nevada, and the 8 from Tennessee, the first secessionist state to be readmitted. The other 10 secessionist states had not yet been readmitted, and therefore were not seated.
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All 193[lower-alpha 2] seats in the United States House of Representatives 97 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Results National Unionist gain National Unionist hold Democratic gain Democratic hold | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The opposition Democrats were deeply divided between the Copperheads, a group that demanded an immediate negotiated settlement with the Confederate States of America, and the War Democrats, who supported the war. With the Democrats lacking any coherent message, they lost half their seats to Lincoln's Republican Party, who increased their majority to a commanding level.
The Unionists lost seven seats, retaining control of 18 seats (some classify the Representatives as including 13 Unconditional Unionists and five Unionists), all from the border states of Maryland, Tennessee, and Kentucky, as well as West Virginia.
One new seat was added for the new State of Nevada[1] and 8 vacancies were filled by the readmission of Tennessee, the first secessionist state to be readmitted. Three former Confederate States held elections in 1865 that were rejected by Congress.
38 | 137 | 18 |
Democratic | Republican | Unionist |
State | Type | Date | Total seats |
Democratic | Republican | Unionist[lower-alpha 6] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||||
Oregon | At-large | June 5, 1864 | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Vermont | District | September 6, 1864 | 3 | 0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Maine | District | September 11, 1864 | 5 | 0 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Indiana | District | October 10, 1864 | 11 | 2 | ![]() |
9 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Nevada[lower-alpha 7] | At-large | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
Ohio | District | 19 | 2 | ![]() |
17 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
Pennsylvania | District | 24 | 8 | ![]() |
16 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
West Virginia | District | October 22, 1864 | 3 | 0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
California | District[lower-alpha 8] | November 8, 1864 (Election Day)[lower-alpha 9] |
3 | 0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
Illinois | District + 1 at-large |
14 | 3 | ![]() |
11 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
Iowa | District | 6 | 0 | ![]() |
6 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
Kansas | At-large | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
Maryland | District | 5 | 2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() | |
Massachusetts | District | 10 | 0 | ![]() |
10 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
Michigan | District | 6 | 0 | ![]() |
6 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
Minnesota | District | 2 | 0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
Missouri | District | 9 | 1 | ![]() |
8[lower-alpha 5] | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
New Jersey | District | 5 | 3 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
New York | District | 31 | 10 | ![]() |
21 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
Wisconsin | District | 6 | 1 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
Late elections (after the March 4, 1865 beginning of the term) | |||||||||
New Hampshire | District | March 14, 1865 | 3 | 0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Connecticut | District | April 3, 1865 | 4 | 0 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Tennessee[lower-alpha 10] | District | August 3, 1865[lower-alpha 11] | 8 | 0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
8 | ![]() |
Rhode Island | District | April 5, 1865 | 2 | 0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Kentucky | District | August 7, 1865 | 9 | 5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
Nevada | At-large | November 7, 1865 | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Secessionist states not yet readmitted | |||||||||
Alabama | District | November 6, 1865[lower-alpha 12] | 6 | ||||||
Arkansas | District | October 9, 1865[lower-alpha 12] | 3 | ||||||
Florida | At-large | November 29, 1865[lower-alpha 12] | 1 | ||||||
Georgia | District | November 15, 1865[lower-alpha 12] | 7 | ||||||
Louisiana | District | November 6, 1865[lower-alpha 12] | 5 | ||||||
Mississippi | District | October 2, 1865[lower-alpha 12] | 5 | ||||||
North Carolina | District | November 9, 1865[lower-alpha 12] | 7 | ||||||
South Carolina | District | November 22, 1865[lower-alpha 12] | 4 | ||||||
Texas | District | October 15, 1866[lower-alpha 12] | 4 | ||||||
Virginia | District | October 12, 1865[lower-alpha 12] | 8 | ||||||
Total[lower-alpha 2] | 193 50 vacancies[lower-alpha 13] |
38 19.7% |
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137[lower-alpha 5] 71.0% |
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18 9.3% |
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Of the rejected elections, Florida's and Mississippi's claimants' parties are unknown, while North Carolina elected 4 Union and 3 Conservative Representatives.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Illinois 5 | Owen Lovejoy | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent died March 25, 1864. New member elected May 19, 1864. Republican hold. |
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New York 1 | Henry G. Stebbins | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent resigned October 24, 1864.[3] New member elected November 8, 1864. Democratic hold. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maryland 2 | Edwin H. Webster | Unconditional Unionist | 1859 | Incumbent resigned July 1865. New member elected November 7, 1865. Unconditional Unionist hold. |
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Massachusetts 6 | Daniel W. Gooch | National Union | 1858 (special) | Incumbent resigned September 1, 1865. New member elected November 7, 1865. National Union hold. |
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New York 16 | Orlando Kellogg | National Union | 1862 | Incumbent died August 24, 1865. New member elected November 7, 1865. National Union hold. |
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Alabama did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Arkansas did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
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3 seats | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Results: Republican hold |
Note: This was the first election in which California elected representatives from congressional districts.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California 1 New seat |
Cornelius Cole Redistricted from the at-large district. |
Republican | 1863 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost renomination. New member elected. |
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California 2 New seat |
William Higby Redistricted from the at-large district. |
Republican | 1863 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 3 New seat |
Thomas B. Shannon Redistricted from the at-large district. |
Republican | 1863 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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See non-voting delegates, below.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
See non-voting delegates, below.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
Florida did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
Georgia did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
See non-voting delegates, below.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
Louisiana did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | Thomas D. Eliot | National Union | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 2 | Oakes Ames | National Union | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 3 | Alexander H. Rice | National Union | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 4 | Samuel Hooper | National Union | 1861 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 5 | John B. Alley | National Union | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 6 | Daniel W. Gooch | National Union | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 7 | George S. Boutwell | National Union | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 8 | John D. Baldwin | National Union | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 9 | William B. Washburn | National Union | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 10 | Henry Laurens Dawes | National Union | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
Mississippi did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
See non-voting delegates, below.
See non-voting delegates, below.
On October 31, 1864, the new state of Nevada elected Republican Henry G. Worthington to finish the term ending March 3, 1865.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Nevada at-large | New state | New seat. Republican gain. |
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Worthington was not renominated for the next term, however, and on November 7, 1865, Republican Delos R. Ashley was elected November 7, 1865 for the term that had already begun but would not formally meet until December 4, 1865.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Nevada at-large | Henry G. Worthington | Republican | 1864 (new state) | Incumbent lost renomination.[8] New member elected. Republican hold. |
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![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
See non-voting delegates, below.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
North Carolina did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
Ohio's delegation swung from 14–5 Democratic to 17-2 Republican as 10 Democratic incumbents lost renomination or re-election.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[10] | |
Ohio 1 | George H. Pendleton | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired to run for Vice President. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 2 | Alexander Long | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 3 | Robert C. Schenck | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 4 | John F. McKinney | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 5 | Francis C. Le Blond | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 6 | Chilton A. White | Democratic | 1860 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 7 | Samuel S. Cox | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Ohio 8 | William Johnston | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 9 | Warren P. Noble | Democratic | 1860 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 10 | James M. Ashley | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 11 | Wells A. Hutchins | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 12 | William E. Finck | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 13 | John O'Neill | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 14 | George Bliss | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 15 | James R. Morris | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 16 | Joseph W. White | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 17 | Ephraim R. Eckley | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 18 | Rufus P. Spalding | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 19 | James A. Garfield | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
South Carolina did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
Elections held late, on August 3, 1865.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | None (vacant due to Civil War) | New member elected. Unionist gain. |
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Tennessee 2 | None (vacant due to Civil War) | New member elected. Unionist gain. |
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Tennessee 3 | None (vacant due to Civil War) | New member elected. Unionist gain. |
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Tennessee 4 | None (vacant due to Civil War) | New member elected. Unionist gain. |
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Tennessee 5 | None (vacant due to Civil War) | New member elected. Unionist gain. |
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Tennessee 6 | None (vacant due to Civil War) | New member elected. Unionist gain. |
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Tennessee 7 | None (vacant due to Civil War) | New member elected. Unionist gain. |
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Tennessee 8 | None (vacant due to Civil War) | New member elected. Unionist gain. |
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Texas did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
See non-voting delegates, below.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[20] | |
Vermont 1 | Frederick E. Woodbridge | Republican | 1863 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Vermont 2 | Justin S. Morrill | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Vermont 3 | Portus Baxter | Republican | 1860 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Virginia did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
See non-voting delegates, below.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
West Virginia 1 | Jacob B. Blair | Unconditional Unionist |
1863 | Incumbent retired. Unconditional Unionist hold. |
|
West Virginia 2 | William G. Brown Sr. | Unconditional Unionist |
1863 | Incumbent retired. Unconditional Unionist hold. |
|
West Virginia 3 | Kellian Whaley | Unconditional Unionist |
1863 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 8, 1864.[24]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wisconsin 1 | James S. Brown | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent withdrew from election. National Union gain. |
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Wisconsin 2 | Ithamar Sloan | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent won re-election on National Union ticket. Republican hold. |
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Wisconsin 3 | Amasa Cobb | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent won re-election on National Union ticket. Republican hold. |
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Wisconsin 4 | Charles A. Eldredge | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 5 | Ezra Wheeler | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent retired. National Union gain. |
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Wisconsin 6 | Walter D. McIndoe | Republican | 1862 Special | Incumbent won re-election on National Union ticket. Republican hold. |
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![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arizona Territory at-large | New district | New seat. New delegate elected on an unknown date in 1864. Republican gain. |
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Montana Territory at-large | New district | New seat. New delegate elected.[lower-alpha 14] Democratic gain. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arizona Territory at-large | Charles Debrille Poston | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected September 6, 1865. Republican hold. |
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Colorado Territory at-large | Hiram Pitt Bennet | Conservative Republican | 1861 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Dakota Territory at-large | John B. S. Todd | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Idaho Territory at-large | William H. Wallace | Unionist | 1860 (Wash. Territory) 1862 (unknown) 1863 |
Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. New delegate elected October 10, 1864. Democratic gain. |
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Montana Territory at-large | Samuel McLean | Democratic | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected to the term starting March 4, 1865.[lower-alpha 14] |
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Nebraska Territory at-large | Samuel Gordon Daily | Republican | 1860 (won contest) | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. New delegate elected on an unknown date. Republican hold. |
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New Mexico Territory at-large | |||||
Utah Territory at-large | |||||
Washington Territory at-large |
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