Events from the year 1801 in Russia
- Mikhail Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Decembrist (d. 1826)
- Vladimir Dal, doctor, official, lexicographer and folklorist (d. 1872)
- Alexander Gagarin, general and nobleman (d. 1857)
- Alexander von Güldenstubbe, Baltic German general (d. 1884)
- Grigory Karelin, explorer, naturalist (d. 1872)
- Nikolay Mozgalevsky, Decembrist (d. 1844)
- Mikhail Ostrogradsky, mathematician and physicist (d. 1862)
- Viktor Nikitich Panin, Minister of Justice 1841-1862 (d. 1862)
- Ksenofont Polevoy, writer, critic, translator (d. 1867)
- Alexander Polyakov, artist (d. 1835)
- Alexander Postels, naturalist, mineralogist (d. 1871)
- Fedor Solntsev, painter and art historian (d. 1892)
- Adam Rzewuski, Polish-Russian general (d. 1888)
- Pavel Solomirsky, businessman (d. 1861)
- Aleksandr Varlamov, composer of art songs (d. 1848)
- Moritz von Jacobi, German Jewish physicist and inventor (d. 1872)
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