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Arabic letter From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ḏāl (ذ, also be transcribed as dhāl) is one of the six letters the Arabic alphabet added to the twenty-two inherited from the Phoenician alphabet (the others being ṯāʾ, ḫāʾ, ḍād, ẓāʾ, ġayn). It is also one of the ten letters the Persian alphabet added from the twenty-two inherited from the Phoenician alphabet (the others being s̱e, xe, zâd, ẓâ, ġayn, pe, che, že and gaf). In Modern Standard Arabic it represents /ð/. In name and shape, it is a variant of dāl (د). Its numerical value is 700 (see abjad numerals). The Arabic letter ذ is named ذَالْ ḏāl. It is written in several ways depending in its position in the word:
Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glyph form: (Help) |
ذ | ـذ | ـذ | ذ |
Ḏāl | |
---|---|
Arabic | ذ |
Phonemic representation | ð, (d, z) |
Position in alphabet | 25 |
Numerical value | 700 |
Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician |
Ḏāl | |
---|---|
ذ | |
Usage | |
Writing system | Arabic script |
Type | Abjad |
Language of origin | Arabic language |
Sound values | ð, (d, z) |
Alphabetical position | 9 |
History | |
Development |
|
Other | |
Writing direction | Right-to-left |
The South Arabian alphabet retained a symbol for ḏ, .
When representing this sound in transliteration of Arabic into Hebrew, it is written as ד׳.
This sound is found in English, as in the words "those" or "then". In English the sound is sometimes rendered "dh" when transliterated from foreign languages, but when it occurs in English words it is one of the pronunciations occurring for the letters "th". Azerbaijan is the only country name in Arabic that uses this letter.
Between and within contemporary varieties of Arabic, pronunciation of cognates with the letter ḏāl differs:
Regardless of these regional differences, the pattern of the speaker's variety of Arabic frequently intrudes into otherwise Modern Standard speech; this is widely accepted, and is the norm when speaking the mesolect known alternately as lugha wusṭā ("middling/compromise language") or ʿAmmiyyat/Dārijat al-Muṯaqqafīn ("Educated/Cultured Colloquial") used in the informal speech of educated Arabs of different countries. (cf. Arabic dialect#Formal and vernacular differences)
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