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French Radical politician (1872–1957) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Édouard Marie Herriot (French: [edwaʁ ma.ʁi ɛʁjo]; 5 July 1872 – 26 March 1957) was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic who served three times as Prime Minister (1924–1925; 1926; 1932) and twice as President of the Chamber of Deputies.[1] He led the first Cartel des Gauches. Under the Fourth Republic, he served as President of the National Assembly until 1954. A historian by occupation, Herriot was elected to the Académie Française's eighth seat in 1946.[2] He served as Mayor of Lyon for more than 45 years, from 1905 until his death, except for a brief period from 1940 to 1945, when he was exiled to Germany for opposing the Vichy regime.
Édouard Herriot | |
|---|---|
 Herriot in 1946 | |
| President of the Council of Ministers of France | |
| In office 3 June 1932 – 18 December 1932 | |
| President | Albert Lebrun |
| Preceded by | André Tardieu |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Paul-Boncour |
| In office 20 July 1926 – 23 July 1926 | |
| President | Gaston Doumergue |
| Preceded by | Aristide Briand |
| Succeeded by | Raymond Poincaré |
| In office 15 June 1924 – 17 April 1925 | |
| President | Gaston Doumergue |
| Preceded by | Frédéric François-Marsal |
| Succeeded by | Paul Painlevé |
| President of the National Assembly | |
| In office 21 January 1947 – 11 January 1954 | |
| Preceded by | Vincent Auriol |
| Succeeded by | André Le Troquer |
| President of the Chamber of Deputies | |
| In office 4 June 1936 – 10 July 1940[a] | |
| Preceded by | Fernand Bouisson |
| Succeeded by | Félix Gouin (as President of the Provisional Consultative Assembly, 1943) |
| In office 22 April 1925 – 20 July 1926 | |
| Preceded by | Paul Painlevé |
| Succeeded by | Raoul Péret |
| Minister of Public Instruction and Beaux-Arts | |
| In office 23 July 1926 – 1 November 1928 | |
| President | Gaston Doumergue |
| Prime Minister | Raymond Poincaré |
| Preceded by | Édouard Daladier |
| Succeeded by | Pierre Marraud |
| Mayor of Lyon | |
| In office 18 May 1945 – 26 March 1957 | |
| Preceded by | Justin Godart |
| Succeeded by | Louis Pradel |
| In office 3 November 1905 – 20 September 1940 | |
| Preceded by | Victor Augagneur |
| Succeeded by | Georges Cohendy |
| Member of the National Assembly for Rhône | |
| In office 6 November 1945 – 26 March 1957 | |
| Member of the Chamber of Deputies for Rhône | |
| In office 20 November 1919 – 31 May 1942 | |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 3 June 1932 – 14 December 1932 | |
| President | Albert Lebrun |
| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | André Tardieu |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Paul-Boncour |
| In office 19 July 1926 – 21 July 1926 | |
| President | Gaston Doumergue |
| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Aristide Briand |
| Succeeded by | Aristide Briand |
| In office 14 June 1924 – 10 April 1925 | |
| President | Gaston Doumergue |
| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Edmond Lefebvre du Prey |
| Succeeded by | Aristide Briand |
| Member of the Senate | |
| In office 7 November 1912 – 23 December 1919 | |
| Preceded by | Édouard Millaud |
| Succeeded by | Eugène Ruffier |
| Minister of Public Works | |
| In office 12 December 1916 – 17 March 1917 | |
| President | Raymond Poincaré |
| Prime Minister | Aristide Briand |
| Preceded by | Marcel Sembat |
| Succeeded by | Georges Desplas |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Édouard Marie Herriot 5 July 1872 Troyes, France |
| Died | 26 March 1957 (aged 84) Saint-Genis-Laval, France |
| Resting place | Loyasse Cemetery, Lyon |
| Political party | Radical Party |
| Spouse | Blanche Rebatel |
| Education | Lycée Louis-le-Grand |
| Alma mater | École normale supérieure |
| Occupation | Historian |
| Signature |  |
Herriot was born at Troyes, France on 5 July 1872. As Mayor of Lyon, Herriot improved relations between municipal government and local unions, increased public assistance funds, and began an urban renewal programme,[3] amongst other measures. He died in Lyon on 26 March 1957.[1] He went through a Deathbed conversion to Catholicism with Cardinal Pierre-Marie Gerlier, and was buried at the Loyasse Cemetery "with church ritual".[4]
Changes
The height of denial of the Holodomor was reached during a visit to Ukraine carried out between 26 August and 9 September 1933 by Herriot, who had recently left the French Prime Ministry. Herriot denied accounts of the famine and said that Soviet Ukraine was "like a garden in full bloom".[5]
Furthermore, he announced to the press that there was no famine in Ukraine, that he did not see any trace of hunger, and that the allegations of starving millions were being spread by adversaries of the Soviet Union. "When one believes that the Ukraine is devastated by famine, allow me to shrug my shoulders", he declared. The 13 September 1933 issue of Pravda was able to write that Herriot "categorically contradicted the lies of the bourgeoisie press in connection with a famine in the USSR."[6]
Governmental functions
Président of the Council of Ministers : 1924–1925 / 19–21 July 1926 / June–December 1932.
Minister of Transport, Public Works and Supply : 1916–1917.
Minister of Education and Fine Arts : 1926–1928.
Minister of Foreign Affairs : 1924–1925 / 19–21 July 1926 / June–December 1932.
Minister of State : 1934–1936.
Electoral mandates
National Assembly of France
President of the National Assembly of France : 1947–1954.
Member of the National Assembly of France for Rhône (department) : 1946–1957 (He died in 1957). Elected in 1946, reelected in 1951, 1956.
Constitutional Assembly
Member of the Constitutional Assembly for Rhône (department) : 1945–1946. Elected in 1945, reelected in June 1946.
Chamber of Deputies of France
President of the Chamber of Deputies of France : 1925–1926 / 1936–1940.
Member of the Chamber of Deputies of France for Rhône (department) : 1919–1942 (Dissolution of Parliament by Philippe Petain in 1942). Elected in 1919, reelected in 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936.
Senate of France
Senator of Rhône : 1912–1919. Elected in 1911.
General council
General councillor of Rhône (department) : 1945–1951.
Mayor of Lyon : 1905–1940 (Deposition by Vichy regime in 1940) / 1945–1957 (He died in 1957). Reelected in 1908, 1912, 1919, 1925, 1929, 1935, 1945, 1947, 1953.
Municipal councillor of Lyon : 1904–1940 (Deposition by the Vichy regime in 1940) / 1945–1957 (He died in 1957). Reelected in 1908, 1912, 1919, 1925, 1929, 1935, 1945, 1947, 1953.
Political functions
President of the Radical Party (France) : 1919–1926 / 1931–1936 / 1948–1953 / 1955–1957.
Herriot was declared an honorary citizen of the city of Veliki Bečkerek (today Zrenjanin) in 1933. There is also a street with his name in Zrenjanin.
His visit to a church in Kyiv, where a fake religious service was organized for the occasion, is described in "The Mechanical Lions", one of the stories in A Tomb for Boris Davidovich by Danilo Kiš.
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